mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Human-Inspired Continuous Learning of Internal Reasoning Processes: Learning How to Think for Adaptive AI Systems

arXiv 2602.11516 ↗First posted 12 Feb 2026cs.AIcited by 1

On the map: LLM reasoning → Test-time compute and efficient thinking

Abstract (arXiv)

Learning internal reasoning processes is crucial for developing AI systems capable of sustained adaptation in dynamic real-world environments. However, most existing approaches primarily emphasize learning task-specific outputs or static knowledge representations, while overlooking the continuous refinement of internal reasoning structures, action scheduling policies, and learning mechanisms themselves. In this paper, we propose a human-inspired continuous learning framework that unifies reasoning, action, reflection, and verification within a sequential reasoning model enhanced by parallel learning. The framework explicitly treats internal thinking processes as primary learning objects. It systematically records internal reasoning trajectories and environmental interactions as structured learning material, enabling the system to optimize not only task-level content but also the organization, scheduling, and evolution of reasoning activities. This design realizes learning alongside processing, allowing cognitive structures to improve during execution. Furthermore, the framework supports controlled replacement of predefined logic with learned procedures and introduces a hierarchical learning-to-learn mechanism that jointly adapts task-level parameters and learning strategies. As a result, the system progressively evolves its internal cognitive architecture while preserving operational stability. Experimental results on a temperature sensor abnormality detection task show that incorporating internal-process learning reduces average runtime by 23.9%.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Test-time compute and efficient thinking, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 15 of its 16 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Feb 2026.

Builds on

15 of 16 references.

Closest ancestors · 2

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025s1: Simple test-time scaling31 Jan
  2. 2023Self-Refine: Iterative Refinement with Self-Feedback30 Mar

Other references · 13

  1. 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,355
  2. 2023Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Toolscited by 4,072
  3. 2023Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learningcited by 4,064
  4. 2023A Comprehensive Overview of Large Language Modelscited by 639
  5. 2024Improve Mathematical Reasoning in Language Models by Automated Process Supervisioncited by 426
  6. 2024Retrieval-Augmented Generation for AI-Generated Content: A Surveycited by 352
  7. 2024Continual Learning of Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 228
  8. 2023Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning Methods for Pretrained Language Models: A Critical Review and Assessmentcited by 227
  9. 2025Evaluating Step-by-step Reasoning Traces: A Surveycited by 62
  10. 2024Re-ReST: Reflection-Reinforced Self-Training for Language Agentscited by 29
  11. 2025Human-Inspired Learning for Large Language Models via Obvious Record and Maximum-Entropy Method Discoverycited by 3
  12. 2026Actively Obtaining Environmental Feedback for Autonomous Action Evaluation Without Predefined Measurementscited by 3
1 more
  1. 2026Human Simulation Computation: A Human-Inspired Framework for Adaptive AI Systemscited by 3

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.

1 paper.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Active Thinking Model: A Goal-Directed Self-Improving Framework for Real-World Adaptive Intelligence
  2. 2025Hierarchical Reasoning Model
  3. 2025Cognitive AI framework 2.0: advances in the simulation of human thought
  4. 2025Adapting Like Humans: A Metacognitive Agent with Test-time Reasoning
  5. 2025From Efficiency to Adaptivity: A Deeper Look at Adaptive Reasoning in Large Language Models
  6. 2026Dynamic Mixture of Latent Memories for Self-Evolving Agents
  7. 2026Internalizing LLM Reasoning via Discovery and Replay of Latent Actions
  8. 2026Reasoning is a Modality