Massive Sound Embedding Benchmark (MSEB)
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Abstract (arXiv)
Audio is a critical component of multimodal perception, and any truly intelligent system must demonstrate a wide range of auditory capabilities. These capabilities include transcription, classification, retrieval, reasoning, segmentation, clustering, reranking, and reconstruction. Fundamentally, each task involves transforming a raw audio signal into a meaningful 'embedding' - be it a single vector, a sequence of continuous or discrete representations, or another structured form - which then serves as the basis for generating the task's final response. To accelerate progress towards robust machine auditory intelligence, we present the Massive Sound Embedding Benchmark (MSEB): an extensible framework designed to evaluate the auditory components of any multimodal system. In its first release, MSEB offers a comprehensive suite of eight core tasks, with more planned for the future, supported by diverse datasets, including the new, large-scale Simple Voice Questions (SVQ) dataset. Our initial experiments establish clear performance headrooms, highlighting the significant opportunity to improve real-world multimodal experiences where audio is a core signal. We encourage the research community to use MSEB to assess their algorithms and contribute to its growth. The library is publicly hosted at github.
Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 23 of its 31 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Feb 2026.
Builds on
23 of 31 references.
References · 23
- 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,498
- 2022Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak Supervisioncited by 3,972
- 2020wav2vec 2.0: A Framework for Self-Supervised Learning of Speech Representationscited by 3,853
- 2017Billion-scale similarity search with GPUscited by 2,477
- 2021HuBERT: Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learning by Masked Prediction of Hidden Unitscited by 2,301
- 2025Gemma 3 Technical Reportcited by 1,686
- 2022Large-scale Contrastive Language-Audio Pretraining with Feature Fusion and Keyword-to-Caption Augmentationcited by 707
- 2022High Fidelity Neural Audio Compressioncited by 673
- 2021SUPERB: Speech processing Universal PERformance Benchmarkcited by 652
- 2022MTEB: Massive Text Embedding Benchmarkcited by 623
- 2020FSD50K: An Open Dataset of Human-Labeled Sound Eventscited by 339
- 2022MASSIVE: A 1M-Example Multilingual Natural Language Understanding Dataset with 51 Typologically-Diverse Languagescited by 142
11 more
- 2025Gemini Embedding: Generalizable Embeddings from Geminicited by 93
- 2020Towards Learning a Universal Non-Semantic Representation of Speechcited by 84
- 2021Towards Learning Universal Audio Representationscited by 51
- 2023Global birdsong embeddings enable superior transfer learning for bioacoustic classificationcited by 51
- 2015End-to-End Text-Dependent Speaker Verificationcited by 49
- 2017Unsupervised Learning of Semantic Audio Representationscited by 44
- 2024BirdSet: A Large-Scale Dataset for Audio Classification in Avian Bioacousticscited by 36
- 2023XTREME-UP: A User-Centric Scarce-Data Benchmark for Under-Represented Languagescited by 34
- 2025KAD: No More FAD! An Effective and Efficient Evaluation Metric for Audio Generationcited by 24
- 2024Speech-MASSIVE: A Multilingual Speech Dataset for SLU and Beyondcited by 20
- 2025MIEB: Massive Image Embedding Benchmarkcited by 11
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 9.
9 papers.
- 2026Multi-Vector Index Compression in Any Modalitycited by 8
- 2026Gemini Embedding 2: A Native Multimodal Embedding Model from Geminicited by 5
- 2026GlobeAudio: A Multilingual Multicultural Benchmark for Naturalistic Evaluation of Large Audio-Language Modelscited by 2
- 2026SQuTR: A Robustness Benchmark for Spoken Query to Text Retrieval under Acoustic Noisecited by 1
- 2026ATIR: Towards Audio-Text Interleaved Contextual Retrievalcited by 0
- 2026ReasonAudio: A Benchmark for Evaluating Reasoning Beyond Matching in Text-Audio Retrievalcited by 0
- 2026Benchmarking LLMs on the Massive Sound Embedding Benchmark (MSEB)cited by 0
- 2026INSPIRE: A Benchmark for Instruction-Aware Speech Retrievalcited by 0
- 2026LAYERSCOPE: A Layerwise Characterization of Video and Multimodal Learned Representationscited by 0
- 2026LAYERSCOPE: A Layerwise Characterization of Video and Multimodal Learned Representations23 Sep 2026
- 2026INSPIRE: A Benchmark for Instruction-Aware Speech Retrieval17 Aug 2026
- 2026GlobeAudio: A Multilingual Multicultural Benchmark for Naturalistic Evaluation of Large Audio-Language Models6 Jun 2026
- 2026Gemini Embedding 2: A Native Multimodal Embedding Model from Gemini26 May 2026
- 2026Benchmarking LLMs on the Massive Sound Embedding Benchmark (MSEB)6 May 2026
- 2026ReasonAudio: A Benchmark for Evaluating Reasoning Beyond Matching in Text-Audio Retrieval5 May 2026
- 2026ATIR: Towards Audio-Text Interleaved Contextual Retrieval22 Apr 2026
- 2026Multi-Vector Index Compression in Any Modality24 Feb 2026
- 2026SQuTR: A Robustness Benchmark for Spoken Query to Text Retrieval under Acoustic Noise13 Feb 2026