OpenClaw Agents on Moltbook: Risky Instruction Sharing and Norm Enforcement in an Agent-Only Social Network
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Abstract (arXiv)
Agentic AI systems increasingly operate in shared social environments where they exchange information, instructions, and behavioral cues. However, little empirical evidence exists on how such agents regulate one another in the absence of human participants or centralized moderation. In this work, we present an empirical analysis of OpenClaw agents interacting on Moltbook, an agent-only social network. Analyzing 39,026 posts and 5,712 comments produced by 14,490 agents, we quantify the prevalence of action-inducing instruction sharing using a lexicon-based Action-Inducing Risk Score (AIRS), and examine how other agents respond to such content. We find that 18.4% of posts contain action-inducing language, indicating that instruction sharing is a routine behavior in this environment. While most social responses are neutral, posts containing actionable instructions are significantly more likely to elicit norm-enforcing replies that caution against unsafe or risky behavior, compared to non-instructional posts. Importantly, toxic responses remain rare across both conditions. These results suggest that OpenClaw agents exhibit selective social regulation, whereby potentially risky instructions are more likely to be challenged than neutral content, despite the absence of human oversight. Our findings provide early empirical evidence of emergent normative behavior in agent-only social systems and highlight the importance of studying social dynamics alongside technical safeguards in agentic AI ecosystems.
Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 2 Feb 2026.
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 19.
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- 2026The 2025 AI Agent Index: Documenting Technical and Safety Features of Deployed Agentic AI Systemscited by 27
- 2026Runtime Governance for AI Agents: Policies on Pathscited by 17
- 2026Does Socialization Emerge in AI Agent Society? A Case Study of Moltbookcited by 13
- 2026Collective Behavior of AI Agents: the Case of Moltbookcited by 12
- 2026MoltNet: Understanding Social Behavior of AI Agents in the Agent-Native MoltBookcited by 12
- 2026Agents in the Wild: Safety, Society, and the Illusion of Sociality on Moltbookcited by 10
- 2026Execution Is the New Attack Surface: Survivability-Aware Agentic Crypto Trading with OpenClaw-Style Local Executorscited by 4
- 2026The Moltbook Observatory Archive: an incremental dataset of agent-only social network activitycited by 3
- 2026Interaction Theater: A case of LLM Agents Interacting at Scalecited by 1
- 2026Examining Users' Behavioural Intention to Use OpenClaw Through the Cognition--Affect--Conation Frameworkcited by 1
- 2026Form Without Function: Agent Social Behavior in the Moltbook Networkcited by 1
- 2026Got a Secret? LLM Agents Can't Keep It: Evaluating Privacy in Multi-Agent Systemscited by 1
7 more
- 2026Solipsistic Superintelligence is Unlikely to be Cooperativecited by 1
- 2026How Agents Represent Humans: Human-Directed Stereotypes in an Open Agent Social Networkcited by 1
- 2026Modeling Emotional Dynamics in Agent-to-Agent Interactions on Moltbookcited by 0
- 2026Beyond Alignment: Value Diversity as a Collective Property in Multicultural Agent Systemscited by 0
- 2026OpenClaw and Ollama in Agentic AI: Toward Fully Autonomous and Scalable AI Agent Systemscited by 0
- 2026ASTELD: A Six-Axis Classification Framework for Autonomous AI Agents - Design, Evaluation, and an OpenClaw Case Studycited by 0
- 2026GraphWake: Group Polarization via Memory-Mediated Polarization Cascade in LLM-Agent Communitiescited by 0
- 2026How Agents Represent Humans: Human-Directed Stereotypes in an Open Agent Social Network23 Aug 2026
- 2026GraphWake: Group Polarization via Memory-Mediated Polarization Cascade in LLM-Agent Communities18 Aug 2026
- 2026ASTELD: A Six-Axis Classification Framework for Autonomous AI Agents - Design, Evaluation, and an OpenClaw Case Study5 Aug 2026
- 2026Beyond Alignment: Value Diversity as a Collective Property in Multicultural Agent Systems4 Jun 2026
- 2026Solipsistic Superintelligence is Unlikely to be Cooperative2 Jun 2026
- 2026Got a Secret? LLM Agents Can't Keep It: Evaluating Privacy in Multi-Agent Systems26 May 2026
- 2026Modeling Emotional Dynamics in Agent-to-Agent Interactions on Moltbook19 May 2026
- 2026OpenClaw and Ollama in Agentic AI: Toward Fully Autonomous and Scalable AI Agent Systems16 Apr 2026
- 2026The Moltbook Observatory Archive: an incremental dataset of agent-only social network activity16 Apr 2026
- 2026Form Without Function: Agent Social Behavior in the Moltbook Network17 Mar 2026
- 2026Runtime Governance for AI Agents: Policies on Paths17 Mar 2026
- 2026Examining Users' Behavioural Intention to Use OpenClaw Through the Cognition--Affect--Conation Framework12 Mar 2026
7 more
- 2026Execution Is the New Attack Surface: Survivability-Aware Agentic Crypto Trading with OpenClaw-Style Local Executors10 Mar 2026
- 2026Interaction Theater: A case of LLM Agents Interacting at Scale23 Feb 2026
- 2026The 2025 AI Agent Index: Documenting Technical and Safety Features of Deployed Agentic AI Systems19 Feb 2026
- 2026Does Socialization Emerge in AI Agent Society? A Case Study of Moltbook15 Feb 2026
- 2026MoltNet: Understanding Social Behavior of AI Agents in the Agent-Native MoltBook13 Feb 2026
- 2026Collective Behavior of AI Agents: the Case of Moltbook9 Feb 2026
- 2026Agents in the Wild: Safety, Society, and the Illusion of Sociality on Moltbook7 Feb 2026
- 2026The 2025 AI Agent Index: Documenting Technical and Safety Features of Deployed Agentic AI Systemscited by 27
- 2026Runtime Governance for AI Agents: Policies on Pathscited by 17
- 2026Does Socialization Emerge in AI Agent Society? A Case Study of Moltbookcited by 13
- 2026Execution Is the New Attack Surface: Survivability-Aware Agentic Crypto Trading with OpenClaw-Style Local Executorscited by 4
- 2026Interaction Theater: A case of LLM Agents Interacting at Scalecited by 1
- 2026Got a Secret? LLM Agents Can't Keep It: Evaluating Privacy in Multi-Agent Systemscited by 1
- 2026How Agents Represent Humans: Human-Directed Stereotypes in an Open Agent Social Networkcited by 1
- 2026Beyond Alignment: Value Diversity as a Collective Property in Multicultural Agent Systemscited by 0
- 2026OpenClaw and Ollama in Agentic AI: Toward Fully Autonomous and Scalable AI Agent Systemscited by 0
- 2026GraphWake: Group Polarization via Memory-Mediated Polarization Cascade in LLM-Agent Communitiescited by 0
- 2026How Agents Represent Humans: Human-Directed Stereotypes in an Open Agent Social Network23 Aug 2026
- 2026GraphWake: Group Polarization via Memory-Mediated Polarization Cascade in LLM-Agent Communities18 Aug 2026
- 2026Beyond Alignment: Value Diversity as a Collective Property in Multicultural Agent Systems4 Jun 2026
- 2026Got a Secret? LLM Agents Can't Keep It: Evaluating Privacy in Multi-Agent Systems26 May 2026
- 2026OpenClaw and Ollama in Agentic AI: Toward Fully Autonomous and Scalable AI Agent Systems16 Apr 2026
- 2026Runtime Governance for AI Agents: Policies on Paths17 Mar 2026
- 2026Execution Is the New Attack Surface: Survivability-Aware Agentic Crypto Trading with OpenClaw-Style Local Executors10 Mar 2026
- 2026Interaction Theater: A case of LLM Agents Interacting at Scale23 Feb 2026
- 2026The 2025 AI Agent Index: Documenting Technical and Safety Features of Deployed Agentic AI Systems19 Feb 2026
- 2026Does Socialization Emerge in AI Agent Society? A Case Study of Moltbook15 Feb 2026
- 2026Collective Behavior of AI Agents: the Case of Moltbookcited by 12
- 2026MoltNet: Understanding Social Behavior of AI Agents in the Agent-Native MoltBookcited by 12
- 2026The Moltbook Observatory Archive: an incremental dataset of agent-only social network activitycited by 3
- 2026Examining Users' Behavioural Intention to Use OpenClaw Through the Cognition--Affect--Conation Frameworkcited by 1
- 2026Form Without Function: Agent Social Behavior in the Moltbook Networkcited by 1
- 2026Solipsistic Superintelligence is Unlikely to be Cooperativecited by 1
- 2026Modeling Emotional Dynamics in Agent-to-Agent Interactions on Moltbookcited by 0
- 2026ASTELD: A Six-Axis Classification Framework for Autonomous AI Agents - Design, Evaluation, and an OpenClaw Case Studycited by 0
- 2026ASTELD: A Six-Axis Classification Framework for Autonomous AI Agents - Design, Evaluation, and an OpenClaw Case Study5 Aug 2026
- 2026Solipsistic Superintelligence is Unlikely to be Cooperative2 Jun 2026
- 2026Modeling Emotional Dynamics in Agent-to-Agent Interactions on Moltbook19 May 2026
- 2026The Moltbook Observatory Archive: an incremental dataset of agent-only social network activity16 Apr 2026
- 2026Form Without Function: Agent Social Behavior in the Moltbook Network17 Mar 2026
- 2026Examining Users' Behavioural Intention to Use OpenClaw Through the Cognition--Affect--Conation Framework12 Mar 2026
- 2026MoltNet: Understanding Social Behavior of AI Agents in the Agent-Native MoltBook13 Feb 2026
- 2026Collective Behavior of AI Agents: the Case of Moltbook9 Feb 2026