ChunkNorris: A High-Performance and Low-Energy Approach to PDF Parsing and Chunking
On the map: Retrieval-augmented generation → Multimodal RAG
Abstract (arXiv)
In Retrieval-Augmented Generation applications, the Information Retrieval part is central as it provides the contextual information that enables a Large Language Model to generate an appropriate and truthful response. High quality parsing and chunking are critical as efficient data segmentation directly impacts downstream tasks, i.e. Information Retrieval and answer generation. In this paper, we introduce ChunkNorris, a novel heuristic-based technique designed to optimise the parsing and chunking of PDF documents. Our approach does not rely on machine learning and employs a suite of simple yet effective heuristics to achieve high performance with minimal computational overhead. We demonstrate the efficiency of ChunkNorris through a comprehensive benchmark against existing parsing and chunking methods, evaluating criteria such as execution time, energy consumption, and retrieval accuracy. We propose an open-access dataset to produce our results. ChunkNorris outperforms baseline and more advanced techniques, offering a practical and efficient alternative for Information Retrieval tasks. Therefore, this research highlights the potential of heuristic-based methods for real-world, resource-constrained RAG use cases.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal RAG, one of 15 directions in Retrieval-augmented generation. Builds on 5 of its 13 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Nov 2025.
Builds on
5 of 13 references.
References · 5
- 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,160
- 2019Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networkscited by 9,049
- 2023C-Pack: Packed Resources For General Chinese Embeddingscited by 556
- 2022DocLayNet: A Large Human-Annotated Dataset for Document-Layout Analysiscited by 146
- 2024UniTable: Towards a Unified Framework for Table Recognition via Self-Supervised Pretrainingcited by 12
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- 2026Empirical Evaluation of PDF Parsing and Chunking for Financial Question Answering with RAG
- 2026Adaptive Chunking: Optimizing Chunking-Method Selection for RAG
- 2026A Systematic Investigation of Document Chunking Strategies and Embedding Sensitivity
- 2026Web Retrieval-Aware Chunking (W-RAC) for Efficient and Cost-Effective Retrieval-Augmented Generation Systems
- 2024Is Semantic Chunking Worth the Computational Cost?
- 2024Financial Report Chunking for Effective Retrieval Augmented Generation
- 2025MoC: Mixtures of Text Chunking Learners for Retrieval-Augmented Generation System
- 2025Rethinking Chunk Size For Long-Document Retrieval: A Multi-Dataset Analysis