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NAG: A Unified Native Architecture for Encoder-free Text-Graph Modeling in Language Models

arXiv 2601.22657 ↗First posted 30 Jan 2026cs.CL cs.AIcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

Prevailing methods for integrating graphs into Language Models (LMs) typically rely on a segregated architecture: external Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) encode structural topology, while LMs process textual semantics. We argue this approach is suboptimal for text-graphs: it creates a conceptually disjointed interaction paradigm. By segregating structural encoding from semantic processing, these systems must perform a complex implicit alignment between abstract graph tokens and concrete textual elements. Challenging the necessity of external encoders, we propose NAG (Native Architecture for Graphs), a unified framework that internalizes graph processing within the LM's native manifold. Instead of bridging disparate embedding spaces, NAG repurposes the self-attention mechanism to enforce topological dependencies and recalibrates positional IDs to ensure structural equivalence. This allows the model to harness its intrinsic linguistic capability to simultaneously comprehend node and edge content alongside structural topology. We introduce two efficient implementations: NAG-Zero for absolute preservation of the base model's linguistic capabilities, and NAG-LoRA for enhanced structural adaptation. Experiments across diverse graph tasks validate that NAG achieves robust graph comprehension without the overhead of external encoders, offering a simpler, more coherent paradigm for text-graph modeling.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 27 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Jan 2026.

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References · 27

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15 more
  1. 2024Let Your Graph Do the Talking: Encoding Structured Data for LLMscited by 112
  2. 2023GraphLLM: Boosting Graph Reasoning Ability of Large Language Modelcited by 105
  3. 2024Can GNN be Good Adapter for LLMs?cited by 71
  4. 2023Graph Neural Prompting with Large Language Modelscited by 64
  5. 2024GraphTranslator: Aligning Graph Model to Large Language Model for Open-ended Taskscited by 63
  6. 2021ExplaGraphs: An Explanation Graph Generation Task for Structured Commonsense Reasoningcited by 58
  7. 2024Can we Soft Prompt LLMs for Graph Learning Tasks?cited by 52
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  9. 2017Graph Classification via Deep Learning with Virtual Nodescited by 30
  10. 2025GraphICL: Unlocking Graph Learning Potential in LLMs through Structured Prompt Designcited by 21
  11. 2024Graph-oriented Instruction Tuning of Large Language Models for Generic Graph Miningcited by 20
  12. 2025Attention Mechanisms Perspective: Exploring LLM Processing of Graph-Structured Datacited by 7
  13. 2024Graph Linearization Methods for Reasoning on Graphs with Large Language Modelscited by 5
  14. 2024From Anchors to Answers: A Novel Node Tokenizer for Integrating Graph Structure into Large Language Modelscited by 4
  15. 2025GraphRunner: A Multi-Stage Framework for Efficient and Accurate Graph-Based Retrievalcited by 4

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