mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

iFSQ: Improving FSQ for Image Generation with 1 Line of Code

arXiv 2601.17124 ↗First posted 23 Jan 2026cs.CVcited by 4

On the map: Diffusion models → Diffusion foundations and sampling

Abstract (arXiv)

The field of image generation is currently bifurcated into autoregressive (AR) models operating on discrete tokens and diffusion models utilizing continuous latents. This divide, rooted in the distinction between VQ-VAEs and VAEs, hinders unified modeling and fair benchmarking. Finite Scalar Quantization (FSQ) offers a theoretical bridge, yet vanilla FSQ suffers from a critical flaw: its equal-interval quantization can cause activation collapse. This mismatch forces a trade-off between reconstruction fidelity and information efficiency. In this work, we resolve this dilemma by simply replacing the activation function in original FSQ with a distribution-matching mapping to enforce a uniform prior. Termed iFSQ, this simple strategy requires just one line of code yet mathematically guarantees both optimal bin utilization and reconstruction precision. Leveraging iFSQ as a controlled benchmark, we uncover two key insights: (1) The optimal equilibrium between discrete and continuous representations lies at approximately 4 bits per dimension. (2) Under identical reconstruction constraints, AR models exhibit rapid initial convergence, whereas diffusion models achieve a superior performance ceiling, suggesting that strict sequential ordering may limit the upper bounds of generation quality. Finally, we extend our analysis by adapting Representation Alignment (REPA) to AR models, yielding LlamaGen-REPA. Codes is available at https://github.com/Tencent-Hunyuan/iFSQ

Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Diffusion foundations and sampling, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 36 of its 48 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Jan 2026.

Builds on

36 of 48 references.

Closest ancestors · 5

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025Masked Autoencoders Are Effective Tokenizers for Diffusion Models5 Feb
  2. 2025Reconstruction vs. Generation: Taming Optimization Dilemma in Latent Diffusion Models2 Jan
  3. 2024WF-VAE: Enhancing Video VAE by Wavelet-Driven Energy Flow for Latent Video Diffusion Model26 Nov
  4. 2024Representation Alignment for Generation: Training Diffusion Transformers Is Easier Than You Think9 Oct
  5. 2022Scalable Diffusion Models with Transformers19 Dec

Other references · 31

  1. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
  2. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
  3. 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,498
  4. 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,029
  5. 2023DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervisioncited by 7,764
  6. 2021Emerging Properties in Self-Supervised Vision Transformerscited by 6,893
  7. 2022Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 5,603
  8. 2017Neural Discrete Representation Learningcited by 4,650
  9. 2022GPTQ: Accurate Post-Training Quantization for Generative Pre-trained Transformerscited by 1,838
  10. 2025DINOv3cited by 1,297
  11. 2023AWQ: Activation-aware Weight Quantization for LLM Compression and Accelerationcited by 1,234
  12. 2025Cosmos World Foundation Model Platform for Physical AIcited by 833
19 more
  1. 2024Autoregressive Model Beats Diffusion: Llama for Scalable Image Generationcited by 760
  2. 2023Language Model Beats Diffusion -- Tokenizer is Key to Visual Generationcited by 633
  3. 2017Deep Neural Networks as Gaussian Processescited by 617
  4. 2020Jukebox: A Generative Model for Musiccited by 535
  5. 2023Scaling up GANs for Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 492
  6. 2023Finite Scalar Quantization: VQ-VAE Made Simplecited by 425
  7. 2023LLM-QAT: Data-Free Quantization Aware Training for Large Language Modelscited by 320
  8. 2024CosyVoice 2: Scalable Streaming Speech Synthesis with Large Language Modelscited by 282
  9. 2025Uniworld-V2: Reinforce Image Editing with Diffusion Negative-aware Finetuning and MLLM Implicit Feedbackcited by 78
  10. 2024Scaling Transformers for Low-Bitrate High-Quality Speech Codingcited by 48
  11. 2025Vision as a Dialect: Unifying Visual Understanding and Generation via Text-Aligned Representationscited by 44
  12. 2025VideoWorld: Exploring Knowledge Learning from Unlabeled Videoscited by 42
  13. 2024VidTok: A Versatile and Open-Source Video Tokenizercited by 35
  14. 2025AToken: A Unified Tokenizer for Visioncited by 30
  15. 2025MANZANO: A Simple and Scalable Unified Multimodal Model with a Hybrid Vision Tokenizercited by 15
  16. 2025LangBridge: Interpreting Image as a Combination of Language Embeddingscited by 9
  17. 2025Does Understanding Inform Generation in Unified Multimodal Models? From Analysis to Path Forwardcited by 9
  18. 2025CoDiCodec: Unifying Continuous and Discrete Compressed Representations of Audiocited by 7
  19. 2025MambaVideo for Discrete Video Tokenization with Channel-Split Quantizationcited by 2

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 4.

4 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024QuEST: Low-bit Diffusion Model Quantization via Efficient Selective Finetuning
  2. 2025LRQ-DiT: Log-Rotation Post-Training Quantization of Diffusion Transformers for Image and Video Generation
  3. 2026Generative Refinement Networks for Visual Synthesis
  4. 2025Q-Sched: Pushing the Boundaries of Few-Step Diffusion Models with Quantization-Aware Scheduling
  5. 2025NextStep-1: Toward Autoregressive Image Generation with Continuous Tokens at Scale
  6. 2023EfficientDM: Efficient Quantization-Aware Fine-Tuning of Low-Bit Diffusion Models
  7. 2025MPQ-DMv2: Flexible Residual Mixed Precision Quantization for Low-Bit Diffusion Models with Temporal Distillation
  8. 2026TASQ: Temporal-Adaptive Bit Sparsification Quantization for Diffusion Models