mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

YuFeng-XGuard: A Reasoning-Centric, Interpretable, and Flexible Guardrail Model for Large Language Models

arXiv 2601.15588 ↗First posted 22 Jan 2026cs.CLcited by 14

On the map: LLM reasoning → Reasoning for agents, planning and code

also in 1 more
Abstract (arXiv)

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, safety guardrails are required to go beyond coarse-grained filtering and support fine-grained, interpretable, and adaptable risk assessment. However, existing solutions often rely on rapid classification schemes or post-hoc rules, resulting in limited transparency, inflexible policies, or prohibitive inference costs. To this end, we present YuFeng-XGuard, a reasoning-centric guardrail model family designed to perform multi-dimensional risk perception for LLM interactions. Instead of producing opaque binary judgments, YuFeng-XGuard generates structured risk predictions, including explicit risk categories and configurable confidence scores, accompanied by natural language explanations that expose the underlying reasoning process. This formulation enables safety decisions that are both actionable and interpretable. To balance decision latency and explanatory depth, we adopt a tiered inference paradigm that performs an initial risk decision based on the first decoded token, while preserving ondemand explanatory reasoning when required. In addition, we introduce a dynamic policy mechanism that decouples risk perception from policy enforcement, allowing safety policies to be adjusted without model retraining. Extensive experiments on a diverse set of public safety benchmarks demonstrate that YuFeng-XGuard achieves stateof-the-art performance while maintaining strong efficiency-efficacy trade-offs. We release YuFeng-XGuard as an open model family, including both a full-capacity variant and a lightweight version, to support a wide range of deployment scenarios.

Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reasoning for agents, planning and code, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 15 of its 29 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Jan 2026.

Builds on

15 of 29 references.

References · 15

  1. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,192
  2. 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,195
  3. 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,146
  4. 2025gpt-oss-120b & gpt-oss-20b Model Cardcited by 1,258
  5. 2024Refusal in Language Models Is Mediated by a Single Directioncited by 960
  6. 2023XSTest: A Test Suite for Identifying Exaggerated Safety Behaviours in Large Language Modelscited by 477
  7. 2024WildGuard: Open One-Stop Moderation Tools for Safety Risks, Jailbreaks, and Refusals of LLMscited by 460
  8. 2022A Holistic Approach to Undesired Content Detection in the Real Worldcited by 337
  9. 2024PKU-SafeRLHF: Towards Multi-Level Safety Alignment for LLMs with Human Preferencecited by 252
  10. 2024ShieldGemma: Generative AI Content Moderation Based on Gemmacited by 224
  11. 2024OR-Bench: An Over-Refusal Benchmark for Large Language Modelscited by 222
  12. 2024AEGIS: Online Adaptive AI Content Safety Moderation with Ensemble of LLM Expertscited by 126
3 more
  1. 2025Qwen3Guard Technical Reportcited by 125
  2. 2023SimpleSafetyTests: a Test Suite for Identifying Critical Safety Risks in Large Language Modelscited by 72
  3. 2025PolyGuard: A Multilingual Safety Moderation Tool for 17 Languagescited by 57

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 14.

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  1. 2026Robust and Efficient Guardrails with Latent Reasoning
  2. 2025Safety Through Reasoning: An Empirical Study of Reasoning Guardrail Models
  3. 2025ThinkGuard: Deliberative Slow Thinking Leads to Cautious Guardrails
  4. 2026PL-Guard: Probabilistic Logic Reasoning for LLM Guardrails
  5. 2025RSafe: Incentivizing proactive reasoning to build robust and adaptive LLM safeguards
  6. 2025MrGuard: A Multilingual Reasoning Guardrail for Universal LLM Safety
  7. 2025SafeRBench: Dissecting the Reasoning Safety of Large Language Models
  8. 2026CHILLGuard: Towards Fine-Grained Chinese LLM Safety Guardrail with Scalable Data Construction and Model-aware Preference Alignment