mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Evaluating LLM Behavior in Hiring: Implicit Weights, Fairness Across Groups, and Alignment with Human Preferences

arXiv 2601.11379 ↗First posted 16 Jan 2026cs.CL cs.AI cs.CYcited by 0

On the map: LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation → Human values and AI feedback alignment

Abstract (arXiv)

General-purpose Large Language Models (LLMs) show significant potential in recruitment applications, where decisions require reasoning over unstructured text, balancing multiple criteria, and inferring fit and competence from indirect productivity signals. Yet, it is still uncertain how LLMs assign importance to each attribute and whether such assignments are in line with economic principles, recruiter preferences or broader societal norms. We propose a framework to evaluate an LLM's decision logic in recruitment, by drawing on established economic methodologies for analyzing human hiring behavior. We build synthetic datasets from real freelancer profiles and project descriptions from a major European online freelance marketplace and apply a full factorial design to estimate how a LLM weighs different match-relevant criteria when evaluating freelancer-project fit. We identify which attributes the LLM prioritizes and analyze how these weights vary across project contexts and demographic subgroups. Finally, we explain how a comparable experimental setup could be implemented with human recruiters to assess alignment between model and human decisions. Our findings reveal that the LLM weighs core productivity signals, such as skills and experience, but interprets certain features beyond their explicit matching value. While showing minimal average discrimination against minority groups, intersectional effects reveal that productivity signals carry different weights between demographic groups.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Human values and AI feedback alignment, one of 10 directions in LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation. Builds on 10 of its 25 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Jan 2026.

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10 of 25 references.

References · 10

  1. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
  2. 2017A Unified Approach to Interpreting Model Predictionscited by 6,555
  3. 2016"Why Should I Trust You?": Explaining the Predictions of Any Classifiercited by 5,070
  4. 2019Fooling LIME and SHAP: Adversarial Attacks on Post hoc Explanation Methodscited by 443
  5. 2019Feature relevance quantification in explainable AI: A causal problemcited by 167
  6. 2023Faithful Explanations of Black-box NLP Models Using LLM-generated Counterfactualscited by 44
  7. 2024The Silicon Ceiling: Auditing GPT's Race and Gender Biases in Hiringcited by 29
  8. 2024Auditing the Use of Language Models to Guide Hiring Decisionscited by 20
  9. 2025AI Hiring with LLMs: A Context-Aware and Explainable Multi-Agent Framework for Resume Screeningcited by 20
  10. 2023JobRecoGPT -- Explainable job recommendations using LLMscited by 6

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  2. 2026Linguistic Triggers of Gender and Racial Bias in Open-Weight LLMs Applied to Recruitment
  3. 2025Robustly Improving LLM Fairness in Realistic Settings via Interpretability
  4. 2025Predicting Effects, Missing Distributions: Evaluating LLMs as Human Behavior Simulators in Operations Management
  5. 2025FairCoder: Probing LLM Bias in High-Stakes Decision Making via Coding Tasks
  6. 2025Unmasking Hiring Bias: Platform Data Analysis and Controlled Experiments on Bias in Online Freelance Marketplaces via RAG-LLM Generated Contents ↗
  7. 2025Evaluating AI Alignment in LLMs: Output Analysis of Value Priorities Across 75 Models with Human Benchmarking
  8. 2026From Matching Models to Recruiting Agents: A Systematized Narrative Review of AI Recruitment Systems, Evaluation, and Governance