mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Hidden-in-Plain-Text: A Benchmark for Social-Web Indirect Prompt Injection in RAG

arXiv 2601.10923 ↗First posted 16 Jan 2026cs.CR cs.HCcited by 5

On the map: Retrieval-augmented generation → Privacy and security of RAG

also in 1 more
Abstract (arXiv)

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems put more and more emphasis on grounding their responses in user-generated content found on the Web, amplifying both their usefulness and their attack surface. Most notably, indirect prompt injection and retrieval poisoning attack the web-native carriers that survive ingestion pipelines and are very concerning. We provide OpenRAG-Soc, a compact, reproducible benchmark-and-harness for web-facing RAG evaluation under these threats, in a discrete data package. The suite combines a social corpus with interchangeable sparse and dense retrievers and deployable mitigations - HTML/Markdown sanitization, Unicode normalization, and attribution-gated answered. It standardizes end-to-end evaluation from ingestion to generation and reports attacks time of one of the responses at answer time, rank shifts in both sparse and dense retrievers, utility and latency, allowing for apples-to-apples comparisons across carriers and defenses. OpenRAG-Soc targets practitioners who need fast, and realistic tests to track risk and harden deployments.

Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Privacy and security of RAG, one of 15 directions in Retrieval-augmented generation. Builds on 9 of its 17 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Jan 2026.

Builds on

9 of 17 references.

Closest ancestors · 3

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024Towards More Robust Retrieval-Augmented Generation: Evaluating RAG Under Adversarial Poisoning Attacks21 Dec
  2. 2024Follow My Instruction and Spill the Beans: Scalable Data Extraction from Retrieval-Augmented Generation Systems27 Feb
  3. 2024The Good and The Bad: Exploring Privacy Issues in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)23 Feb

Other references · 6

  1. 2020Extracting Training Data from Large Language Modelscited by 2,189
  2. 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agentscited by 2,006
  3. 2023Not what you've signed up for: Compromising Real-World LLM-Integrated Applications with Indirect Prompt Injectioncited by 1,443
  4. 2021Unsupervised Dense Information Retrieval with Contrastive Learningcited by 1,216
  5. 2023Scalable Extraction of Training Data from (Production) Language Modelscited by 434
  6. 2021Trojan Source: Invisible Vulnerabilitiescited by 8

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 5.

5 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025RAGPart & RAGMask: Retrieval-Stage Defenses Against Corpus Poisoning in Retrieval-Augmented Generation
  2. 2026Retrieved But Not Reliable: A Survey on Attacks, and Defenses in Retrieval-Augmented Generation
  3. 2026Benchmarking Knowledge-Extraction Attack and Defense on Retrieval-Augmented Generation
  4. 2025The Hidden Threat in Plain Text: Attacking RAG Data Loaders
  5. 2026Security and Privacy in Retrieval-Augmented Generation: Architectures, Threats, Defenses, and Future Directions for Building Trustworthy Systems
  6. 2025RAG Security and Privacy: Formalizing the Threat Model and Attack Surface
  7. 2026Confundo: Learning to Generate Robust Poison for Practical RAG Systems
  8. 2024Backdoored Retrievers for Prompt Injection Attacks on Retrieval Augmented Generation of Large Language Models