mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Adaptive Orchestration: Scalable Self-Evolving Multi-Agent Systems

arXiv 2601.09742 ↗First posted 10 Jan 2026cs.MAcited by 1

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks

Abstract (arXiv)

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents, they face a critical scalability bottleneck known as the "Generalization-Specialization Dilemma." Monolithic agents equipped with extensive toolkits suffer from context pollution and attention decay, leading to hallucinations. Conversely, static multi-agent swarms introduce significant latency and resource overhead. This paper introduces a Self-Evolving Concierge System, a novel architecture utilizing a Dynamic Mixture of Experts (DMoE) approach. Unlike recent self-improving agents that rewrite their own codebase, our system preserves stability by dynamically restructuring its runtime environment: "hiring" specialized sub-agents based on real-time conversation analysis. We introduce an asynchronous "Meta-Cognition Engine" that detects capability gaps, a Least Recently Used (LRU) eviction policy for resource constraints, and a novel "Surgical History Pruning" mechanism to mitigate refusal bias. Experimental results demonstrate that this architecture maintains high task success rates while minimizing token consumption compared to static agent swarms.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 7 of its 7 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Jan 2026.

Builds on

7 of 7 references.

Closest ancestors · 2

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2026AgentDevel: Reframing Self-Evolving LLM Agents as Release Engineering8 Jan
  2. 2025A Survey of Self-Evolving Agents: What, When, How, and Where to Evolve on the Path to Artificial Super Intelligence28 Jul

Other references · 5

  1. 2023Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behaviorcited by 3,568
  2. 2017Outrageously Large Neural Networks: The Sparsely-Gated Mixture-of-Experts Layercited by 3,509
  3. 2023Lost in the Middle: How Language Models Use Long Contextscited by 3,455
  4. 2025Live-SWE-agent: Can Software Engineering Agents Self-Evolve on the Fly?cited by 95
  5. 2025Building Self-Evolving Agents via Experience-Driven Lifelong Learning: A Framework and Benchmarkcited by 45

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.

1 paper.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Multi-Agent Collaboration via Evolving Orchestration
  2. 2026SwarmBench: Can Large Language Models Act as Agent Swarm Orchestrators?
  3. 2025AgentNet: Decentralized Evolutionary Coordination for LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems
  4. 2026AdaptOrch: Task-Adaptive Multi-Agent Orchestration in the Era of LLM Performance Convergence
  5. 2025MAS2: Self-Generative, Self-Configuring, Self-Rectifying Multi-Agent Systems
  6. 2024MorphAgent: Empowering Agents through Self-Evolving Profiles and Decentralized Collaboration
  7. 2025Benchmarking LLMs' Swarm intelligence
  8. 2025EvolveR: Self-Evolving LLM Agents through an Experience-Driven Lifecycle