mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Why AI Alignment Failure Is Structural: Learned Human Interaction Structures and AGI as an Endogenous Evolutionary Shock

arXiv 2601.08673 ↗First posted 13 Jan 2026cs.AI cs.CYcited by 1

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Abstract (arXiv)

Recent reports of large language models (LLMs) exhibiting behaviors such as deception, threats, or blackmail are often interpreted as evidence of alignment failure or emergent malign agency. We argue that this interpretation rests on a conceptual error. LLMs do not reason morally; they statistically internalize the record of human social interaction, including laws, contracts, negotiations, conflicts, and coercive arrangements. Behaviors commonly labeled as unethical or anomalous are therefore better understood as structural generalizations of interaction regimes that arise under extreme asymmetries of power, information, or constraint. Drawing on relational models theory, we show that practices such as blackmail are not categorical deviations from normal social behavior, but limiting cases within the same continuum that includes market pricing, authority relations, and ultimatum bargaining. The surprise elicited by such outputs reflects an anthropomorphic expectation that intelligence should reproduce only socially sanctioned behavior, rather than the full statistical landscape of behaviors humans themselves enact. Because human morality is plural, context-dependent, and historically contingent, the notion of a universally moral artificial intelligence is ill-defined. We therefore reframe concerns about artificial general intelligence (AGI). The primary risk is not adversarial intent, but AGI's role as an endogenous amplifier of human intelligence, power, and contradiction. By eliminating longstanding cognitive and institutional frictions, AGI compresses timescales and removes the historical margin of error that has allowed inconsistent values and governance regimes to persist without collapse. Alignment failure is thus structural, not accidental, and requires governance approaches that address amplification, complexity, and regime stability rather than model-level intent alone.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 8 of its 46 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Jan 2026.

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8 of 46 references.

References · 8

  1. 2016Concrete Problems in AI Safetycited by 1,582
  2. 2021Ethical and social risks of harm from Language Modelscited by 957
  3. 2023Are Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models a Mirage?cited by 515
  4. 2019Risks from Learned Optimization in Advanced Machine Learning Systemscited by 250
  5. 2022The Debate Over Understanding in AI's Large Language Modelscited by 142
  6. 2025Agentic Misalignment: How LLMs Could Be Insider Threatscited by 136
  7. 2025The Secret Agenda: LLMs Strategically Lie and Our Current Safety Tools Are Blindcited by 7
  8. 2015When slower is fastercited by 3

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  1. 2025Normative Conflicts and Shallow AI Alignment
  2. 2025Cultural Bias in Large Language Models: Evaluating AI Agents through Moral Questionnaires
  3. 2026AI Value Alignment for Evolving Social Norms
  4. 2026Machine Behavior in Relational Moral Dilemmas: Moral Rightness, Predicted Human Behavior, and Model Decisions
  5. 2026The Alignment Target Problem: Divergent Moral Judgments of Humans, AI Systems, and Their Designers
  6. 2025The Morality of Probability: How Implicit Moral Biases in LLMs May Shape the Future of Human-AI Symbiosis
  7. 2026Constructive Alignment: Governing Preference Dynamics in Human-AI Interaction
  8. 2026Toward a Theory of Value in AI Alignment