Garbage Attention in Large Language Models: BOS Sink Heads and Sink-aware Pruning
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to contain significant redundancy, yet a systematic explanation for why certain components, particularly in higher layers, are more redundant has remained elusive. In this work, we identify the BOS sink phenomenon as a key mechanism driving this layer-wise sensitivity. We show that attention heads with high BOS sink scores are strongly associated with functional redundancy: such heads, especially in deeper layers, contribute little to predictive performance and effectively serve as dumping grounds for superfluous attention weights. Leveraging this insight, we introduce a simple pruning strategy that removes high-BOS sink heads. Experiments on Gemma-3, Llama-3.1, and Qwen3 demonstrate that this approach identifies redundant transformer components more reliably than weight- and activation-based criteria in terms of downstream task retention, remaining close to dense baselines at low-to-moderate pruning ratios. We further find that high-scoring sink heads sustain their focus on BOS as context length grows. Overall, our results suggest that structural properties of attention offer a more direct basis for model compression than magnitude-based methods.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 33 of its 41 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Jan 2026.
Builds on
33 of 41 references.
References · 33
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
- 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 9,743
- 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,053
- 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,768
- 2018Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challengecited by 4,710
- 2019HellaSwag: Can a Machine Really Finish Your Sentence?cited by 4,018
- 2018HotpotQA: A Dataset for Diverse, Explainable Multi-hop Question Answeringcited by 3,686
- 2016Pointer Sentinel Mixture Modelscited by 2,992
- 2017TriviaQA: A Large Scale Distantly Supervised Challenge Dataset for Reading Comprehensioncited by 2,895
- 2019PIQA: Reasoning about Physical Commonsense in Natural Languagecited by 2,818
- 2019BoolQ: Exploring the Surprising Difficulty of Natural Yes/No Questionscited by 2,140
21 more
- 2023Efficient Streaming Language Models with Attention Sinkscited by 2,115
- 2018Can a Suit of Armor Conduct Electricity? A New Dataset for Open Book Question Answeringcited by 2,114
- 2015Learning both Weights and Connections for Efficient Neural Networkscited by 1,998
- 2023LongBench: A Bilingual, Multitask Benchmark for Long Context Understandingcited by 1,378
- 2023SparseGPT: Massive Language Models Can Be Accurately Pruned in One-Shotcited by 1,090
- 2019What Does BERT Look At? An Analysis of BERT's Attentioncited by 994
- 2019Analyzing Multi-Head Self-Attention: Specialized Heads Do the Heavy Lifting, the Rest Can Be Prunedcited by 844
- 2019Are Sixteen Heads Really Better than One?cited by 803
- 2021Sparsity in Deep Learning: Pruning and growth for efficient inference and training in neural networkscited by 521
- 2021A Dataset of Information-Seeking Questions and Answers Anchored in Research Paperscited by 475
- 2024SliceGPT: Compress Large Language Models by Deleting Rows and Columnscited by 378
- 2024ShortGPT: Layers in Large Language Models are More Redundant Than You Expectcited by 369
- 2021Efficient Attentions for Long Document Summarizationcited by 342
- 2024The Unreasonable Ineffectiveness of the Deeper Layerscited by 219
- 2024LaCo: Large Language Model Pruning via Layer Collapsecited by 124
- 2025Why do LLMs attend to the first token?cited by 122
- 2024SLEB: Streamlining LLMs through Redundancy Verification and Elimination of Transformer Blockscited by 96
- 2024Not All Layers of LLMs Are Necessary During Inferencecited by 95
- 2024What Matters in Transformers? Not All Attention is Neededcited by 83
- 2025Attention Sinks and Compression Valleys in LLMs are Two Sides of the Same Coincited by 47
- 2025Wanda++: Pruning Large Language Models via Regional Gradientscited by 26
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 7.
7 papers.
- 2026The Spike, the Sparse and the Sink: Anatomy of Massive Activations and Attention Sinkscited by 23
- 2026Attention Sinks Are Provably Necessary in Softmax Transformers: Evidence from Trigger-Conditional Taskscited by 10
- 2026On the Nature of Attention Sink that Shapes Decoding Strategy in Omni-LLMscited by 5
- 2026Attention Sink Forges Native MoE in Attention Layers: Sink-Aware Training to Address Head Collapsecited by 4
- 2026Surgery: Mitigating Harmful Fine-Tuning for Large Language Models via Attention Sinkcited by 3
- 2026Surgical Repair of Collapsed Attention Heads in ALiBi Transformerscited by 0
- 2026A Game Theoretic Free Energy Analysis of Higher Order Synergy in Attention Heads of Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026A Game Theoretic Free Energy Analysis of Higher Order Synergy in Attention Heads of Large Language Models10 May 2026
- 2026On the Nature of Attention Sink that Shapes Decoding Strategy in Omni-LLMs15 Mar 2026
- 2026Attention Sinks Are Provably Necessary in Softmax Transformers: Evidence from Trigger-Conditional Tasks12 Mar 2026
- 2026Surgical Repair of Collapsed Attention Heads in ALiBi Transformers10 Mar 2026
- 2026The Spike, the Sparse and the Sink: Anatomy of Massive Activations and Attention Sinks5 Mar 2026
- 2026Surgery: Mitigating Harmful Fine-Tuning for Large Language Models via Attention Sink5 Feb 2026
- 2026Attention Sink Forges Native MoE in Attention Layers: Sink-Aware Training to Address Head Collapse1 Feb 2026