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Stylistic Evolution and LLM Neutrality in Singlish Language

arXiv 2601.06580 ↗First posted 10 Jan 2026cs.CLcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

Singlish is a creole rooted in Singapore's multilingual environment that continues to evolve alongside social and technological change. We examine diachronic stylistic change across a decade of informal digital messages and ask whether Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate temporally neutral outputs approximating the stable essence of the variety. Using lexical, pragmatic, psycholinguistic, and encoder-based features, we find that stylistic separability increases with temporal distance, driven primarily by structural features such as length and complexity. Evaluated against a null distribution baseline, most LLMs fail to achieve both authenticity and temporal neutrality simultaneously, revealing a structural trade-off: models generating realistic Singlish inherit its temporal biases, while temporally neutral models produce inauthentic outputs. These findings position temporal neutrality as a diagnostic metric for assessing sociolectal grounding in LLMs.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 10 of its 36 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Jan 2026.

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References · 10

  1. 2017A Unified Approach to Interpreting Model Predictionscited by 6,555
  2. 2024LlamaFactory: Unified Efficient Fine-Tuning of 100+ Language Modelscited by 1,464
  3. 2019Right for the Wrong Reasons: Diagnosing Syntactic Heuristics in Natural Language Inferencecited by 876
  4. 2023SeaLLMs -- Large Language Models for Southeast Asiacited by 104
  5. 2024SGHateCheck: Functional Tests for Detecting Hate Speech in Low-Resource Languages of Singaporecited by 10
  6. 2024Examining the Influence of Political Bias on Large Language Model Performance in Stance Classificationcited by 9
  7. 2025LionGuard 2: Building Lightweight, Data-Efficient & Localised Multilingual Content Moderatorscited by 7
  8. 2017Developing a concept-level knowledge base for sentiment analysis in Singlishcited by 5
  9. 2024Disentangling Singlish Discourse Particles with Task-Driven Representationcited by 5
  10. 2024What talking you?: Translating Code-Mixed Messaging Texts to Englishcited by 4

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