mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

3D Conditional Image Synthesis of Left Atrial LGE MRI from Composite Semantic Masks

arXiv 2601.04588 ↗First posted 8 Jan 2026cs.CVcited by 1

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Abstract (arXiv)

Segmentation of the left atrial (LA) wall and endocardium from late gadolinium-enhanced (LGE) MRI is essential for quantifying atrial fibrosis in patients with atrial fibrillation. The development of accurate machine learning-based segmentation models remains challenging due to the limited availability of data and the complexity of anatomical structures. In this work, we investigate 3D conditional generative models as potential solution for augmenting scarce LGE training data and improving LA segmentation performance. We develop a pipeline to synthesize high-fidelity 3D LGE MRI volumes from composite semantic label maps combining anatomical expert annotations with unsupervised tissue clusters, using three 3D conditional generators (Pix2Pix GAN, SPADE-GAN, and SPADE-LDM). The synthetic images are evaluated for realism and their impact on downstream LA segmentation. SPADE-LDM generates the most realistic and structurally accurate images, achieving an FID of 4.063 and surpassing GAN models, which have FIDs of 40.821 and 7.652 for Pix2Pix and SPADE-GAN, respectively. When augmented with synthetic LGE images, the Dice score for LA cavity segmentation with a 3D U-Net model improved from 0.908 to 0.936, showing a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05) over the baseline.These findings demonstrate the potential of label-conditioned 3D synthesis to enhance the segmentation of under-represented cardiac structures.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 15 of its 22 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Jan 2026.

Builds on

15 of 22 references.

References · 15

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  2. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
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  7. 2022Semantic Image Synthesis via Diffusion Modelscited by 131
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  9. 2023Conditional Diffusion Models for Semantic 3D Brain MRI Synthesiscited by 85
  10. 2023Make-A-Volume: Leveraging Latent Diffusion Models for Cross-Modality 3D Brain MRI Synthesiscited by 43
  11. 2021Medical Image Analysis on Left Atrial LGE MRI for Atrial Fibrillation Studies: A Reviewcited by 26
  12. 2020XCAT-GAN for Synthesizing 3D Consistent Labeled Cardiac MR Images on Anatomically Variable XCAT Phantomscited by 11
3 more
  1. 2023MRI Scan Synthesis Methods based on Clustering and Pix2Pixcited by 6
  2. 2021Optimized Automated Cardiac MR Scar Quantification with GAN-Based Data Augmentationcited by 5
  3. 2024Guided Synthesis of Labeled Brain MRI Data Using Latent Diffusion Models for Segmentation of Enlarged Ventriclescited by 1

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.

1 paper.

  1. 2026Few-Shot Left Atrial Wall Segmentation in 3D LGE MRI via Meta-Learningcited by 0