TGIF: Text-Guided Layer Fusion Mitigates Hallucination in Multimodal LLMs
On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → Hallucination mitigation in LVLMs
Abstract (arXiv)
Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) typically rely on a single late-layer feature from a frozen vision encoder, leaving the encoder's rich hierarchy of visual cues under-utilized. MLLMs still suffer from visually ungrounded hallucinations, often relying on language priors rather than image evidence. While many prior mitigation strategies operate on the text side, they leave the visual representation unchanged and do not exploit the rich hierarchy of features encoded across vision layers. Existing multi-layer fusion methods partially address this limitation but remain static, applying the same layer mixture regardless of the query. In this work, we introduce TGIF (Text-Guided Inter-layer Fusion), a lightweight module that treats encoder layers as depth-wise "experts" and predicts a prompt-dependent fusion of visual features. TGIF follows the principle of direct external fusion, requires no vision-encoder updates, and adds minimal overhead. Integrated into LLaVA-1.5-7B, TGIF provides consistent improvements across hallucination, OCR, and VQA benchmarks, while preserving or improving performance on ScienceQA, GQA, and MMBench. These results suggest that query-conditioned, hierarchy-aware fusion is an effective way to strengthen visual grounding and reduce hallucination in modern MLLMs. Code: https://github.com/Linchenchen/TGIF.
Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Hallucination mitigation in LVLMs, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 41 of its 55 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Jan 2026.
Builds on
41 of 55 references.
Closest ancestors · 14
Same direction, newest first
- 2025SHIELD: Suppressing Hallucinations In LVLM Encoders via Bias and Vulnerability Defense18 Oct
- 2025Mitigating Hallucination in Multimodal LLMs with Layer Contrastive Decoding29 Sep
- 2025Exposing Hallucinations To Suppress Them: VLMs Representation Editing With Generative Anchors26 Sep
- 2025Seeing Far and Clearly: Mitigating Hallucinations in MLLMs with Attention Causal Decoding22 May
- 2025The Mirage of Performance Gains: Why Contrastive Decoding Fails to Mitigate Object Hallucinations in MLLMs?14 Apr
- 2025PerturboLLaVA: Reducing Multimodal Hallucinations with Perturbative Visual Training9 Mar
- 2024VaLiD: Mitigating the Hallucination of Large Vision Language Models by Visual Layer Fusion Contrastive Decoding24 Nov
- 2024Reducing Hallucinations in Vision-Language Models via Latent Space Steering21 Oct
- 2024A Survey on Hallucination in Large Vision-Language Models1 Feb
- 2023RLHF-V: Towards Trustworthy MLLMs via Behavior Alignment from Fine-grained Correctional Human Feedback1 Dec
- 2023OPERA: Alleviating Hallucination in Multi-Modal Large Language Models via Over-Trust Penalty and Retrospection-Allocation29 Nov
- 2023Mitigating Object Hallucinations in Large Vision-Language Models through Visual Contrastive Decoding28 Nov
2 more
Other references · 27
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
- 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,869
- 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,137
- 2023Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 4,418
- 2022Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot Learningcited by 4,386
- 2017Outrageously Large Neural Networks: The Sparsely-Gated Mixture-of-Experts Layercited by 3,509
- 2023InstructBLIP: Towards General-purpose Vision-Language Models with Instruction Tuningcited by 2,876
- 2023MiniGPT-4: Enhancing Vision-Language Understanding with Advanced Large Language Modelscited by 2,711
- 2023MMBench: Is Your Multi-modal Model an All-around Player?cited by 2,141
- 2022Learn to Explain: Multimodal Reasoning via Thought Chains for Science Question Answeringcited by 1,919
- 2019Towards VQA Models That Can Readcited by 1,718
- 2023GQA: Training Generalized Multi-Query Transformer Models from Multi-Head Checkpointscited by 1,346
15 more
- 2023LLaVA-Med: Training a Large Language-and-Vision Assistant for Biomedicine in One Daycited by 1,305
- 2023mPLUG-Owl: Modularization Empowers Large Language Models with Multimodalitycited by 1,040
- 2018Object Hallucination in Image Captioningcited by 669
- 2023mPLUG-Owl2: Revolutionizing Multi-modal Large Language Model with Modality Collaborationcited by 547
- 2022GIT: A Generative Image-to-text Transformer for Vision and Languagecited by 537
- 2023OCRBench: On the Hidden Mystery of OCR in Large Multimodal Modelscited by 476
- 2024VLMEvalKit: An Open-Source Toolkit for Evaluating Large Multi-Modality Modelscited by 455
- 2023LLaVAR: Enhanced Visual Instruction Tuning for Text-Rich Image Understandingcited by 274
- 2023Interpreting CLIP's Image Representation via Text-Based Decompositioncited by 196
- 2023mPLUG-DocOwl: Modularized Multimodal Large Language Model for Document Understandingcited by 168
- 2024Dense Connector for MLLMscited by 49
- 2024MMFuser: Multimodal Multi-Layer Feature Fuser for Fine-Grained Vision-Language Understandingcited by 23
- 2025Multimodal Language Models See Better When They Look Shallowercited by 23
- 2025Multi-Layer Visual Feature Fusion in Multimodal LLMs: Methods, Analysis, and Best Practicescited by 22
- 2024MMRel: Benchmarking Relation Understanding in Multi-Modal Large Language Modelscited by 10
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 2.
2 papers.
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- 2025LISA: A Layer-wise Integration and Suppression Approach for Hallucination Mitigation in Multimodal Large Language Models
- 2025Preemptive Hallucination Reduction: An Input-Level Approach for Multimodal Language Model
- 2024Cracking the Code of Hallucination in LVLMs with Vision-aware Head Divergence
- 2026Beyond Language Priors: Diagnosing and Fixing Visual-Origin Hallucinations in Multimodal LLM
- 2024Combating Multimodal LLM Hallucination via Bottom-Up Holistic Reasoning