LENS: LLM-Enabled Narrative Synthesis for Mental Health by Aligning Multimodal Sensing with Language Models
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Multimodal health sensing offers rich behavioral signals for assessing mental health, yet translating these numerical time-series measurements into natural language remains challenging. Current LLMs cannot natively ingest long-duration sensor streams, and paired sensor-text datasets are scarce. To address these challenges, we introduce LENS, a framework that aligns multimodal sensing data with language models to generate clinically grounded mental-health narratives. LENS first constructs a large-scale dataset by transforming Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) responses related to depression and anxiety symptoms into natural-language descriptions, yielding over 100,000 sensor-text QA pairs from 258 participants. To enable native time-series integration, we train a patch-level encoder that projects raw sensor signals directly into an LLM's representation space. Our results show that LENS outperforms strong baselines on standard NLP metrics and task-specific measures of symptom-severity accuracy. A user study with 13 mental-health professionals further indicates that LENS-produced narratives are comprehensive and clinically meaningful. Ultimately, our approach advances LLMs as interfaces for health sensing, providing a scalable path toward models that can reason over raw behavioral signals and support downstream clinical decision-making.
Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 13 of its 51 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Dec 2025.
Builds on
13 of 51 references.
References · 13
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
- 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,192
- 2019BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERTcited by 5,462
- 2023Large Language Models Are Zero-Shot Time Series Forecasterscited by 491
- 2024From Generation to Judgment: Opportunities and Challenges of LLM-as-a-judgecited by 480
- 2024A Picture is Worth A Thousand Numbers: Enabling LLMs Reason about Time Series via Visualizationcited by 31
- 2023Voila-A: Aligning Vision-Language Models with User's Gaze Attentioncited by 28
- 2024By My Eyes: Grounding Multimodal Large Language Models with Sensor Data via Visual Promptingcited by 12
- 2025HoliGS: Holistic Gaussian Splatting for Embodied View Synthesiscited by 7
- 2025DepressLLM: Interpretable domain-adapted language model for depression detection from real-world narrativescited by 3
- 2023Social Isolation and Serious Mental Illness: The Role of Context-Aware Mobile Interventionscited by 2
1 more
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 3.
3 papers.
- 2026Learning Transferable Sensor Models via Language-Informed Pretrainingcited by 3
- 2026PULSE: Agentic Investigation with Passive Sensing for Proactive Affective Intervention in Cancer Survivorshipcited by 0
- 2026TimeThink: Eliciting Compositional Reasoning in Timeseries Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026TimeThink: Eliciting Compositional Reasoning in Timeseries Large Language Models11 Sep 2026
- 2026PULSE: Agentic Investigation with Passive Sensing for Proactive Affective Intervention in Cancer Survivorship17 May 2026
- 2026Learning Transferable Sensor Models via Language-Informed Pretraining12 Mar 2026
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2023From Classification to Clinical Insights: Towards Analyzing and Reasoning About Mobile and Behavioral Health Data With Large Language Models
- 2026mind_call: A Dataset for Mental Health Function Calling with Large Language Models
- 2026BALMS: Benchmarking Agentic LLMs for Longitudinal Mental Health Sensing
- 2025It Hears, It Sees too: Multi-Modal LLM for Depression Detection By Integrating Visual Understanding into Audio Language Models
- 2023Mental-LLM: Leveraging Large Language Models for Mental Health Prediction via Online Text Data
- 2026A Systematic Evaluation of Large Language Models for PTSD Severity Estimation: The Role of Contextual Knowledge and Modeling Strategies
- 2026Quantifying the human visual exposome with vision language models
- 2025A Systematic Evaluation of LLM Strategies for Mental Health Text Analysis: Fine-tuning vs. Prompt Engineering vs. RAG