mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Multi-Agent LLM Committees for Autonomous Software Beta Testing

arXiv 2512.21352 ↗First posted 21 Dec 2025cs.SE cs.AI cs.MAcited by 1

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Software engineering coding agents

Abstract (arXiv)

Manual software beta testing is costly and time-consuming, while single-agent large language model (LLM) approaches suffer from hallucinations and inconsistent behavior. We propose a multi-agent committee framework in which diverse vision-enabled LLMs collaborate through a three-round voting protocol to reach consensus on testing actions. The framework combines model diversity, persona-driven behavioral variation, and visual user interface understanding to systematically explore web applications. Across 84 experimental runs with 9 testing personas and 4 scenarios, multi-agent committees achieve an 89.5 percent overall task success rate. Configurations with 2 to 4 agents reach 91.7 to 100 percent success, compared to 78.0 percent for single-agent baselines, yielding improvements of 13.7 to 22.0 percentage points. At the action level, the system attains a 93.1 percent success rate with a median per-action latency of 0.71 seconds, enabling real-time and continuous integration testing. Vision-enabled agents successfully identify user interface elements, with navigation and reporting achieving 100 percent success and form filling achieving 99.2 percent success. We evaluate the framework on WebShop and OWASP benchmarks, achieving 74.7 percent success on WebShop compared to a 50.1 percent published GPT-3 baseline, and 82.0 percent success on OWASP Juice Shop security testing with coverage of 8 of the 10 OWASP Top 10 vulnerability categories. Across 20 injected regressions, the committee achieves an F1 score of 0.91 for bug detection, compared to 0.78 for single-agent baselines. The open-source implementation enables reproducible research and practical deployment of LLM-based software testing in CI/CD pipelines.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Software engineering coding agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 21 of its 48 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Dec 2025.

Builds on

21 of 48 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023Self-collaboration Code Generation via ChatGPT15 Apr

Other references · 20

  1. 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,355
  2. 2022Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 5,601
  3. 2024Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of contextcited by 3,175
  4. 2022Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedbackcited by 2,950
  5. 2022Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generationcited by 2,056
  6. 2023MetaGPT: Meta Programming for A Multi-Agent Collaborative Frameworkcited by 1,761
  7. 2023Improving Factuality and Reasoning in Language Models through Multiagent Debatecited by 1,739
  8. 2023AgentBench: Evaluating LLMs as Agentscited by 1,211
  9. 2022WebShop: Towards Scalable Real-World Web Interaction with Grounded Language Agentscited by 1,197
  10. 2023Encouraging Divergent Thinking in Large Language Models through Multi-Agent Debatecited by 995
  11. 2023CogAgent: A Visual Language Model for GUI Agentscited by 692
  12. 2023AgentVerse: Facilitating Multi-Agent Collaboration and Exploring Emergent Behaviorscited by 580
8 more
  1. 2024WebVoyager: Building an End-to-End Web Agent with Large Multimodal Modelscited by 424
  2. 2023A Survey of Hallucination in Large Foundation Modelscited by 365
  3. 2023AutoDroid: LLM-powered Task Automation in Androidcited by 178
  4. 2023Software Testing with Large Language Models: Survey, Landscape, and Visioncited by 163
  5. 2023GPT-4V in Wonderland: Large Multimodal Models for Zero-Shot Smartphone GUI Navigationcited by 137
  6. 2024ScreenAI: A Vision-Language Model for UI and Infographics Understandingcited by 97
  7. 2023PentestGPT: An LLM-empowered Automatic Penetration Testing Toolcited by 94
  8. 2023ChatGPT and Software Testing Education: Promises & Perilscited by 40

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.

1 paper.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

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  3. 2026Automated structural testing of LLM-based agents: methods, framework, and case studies
  4. 2026Tangent: An Empirical Study of Testing Practices for LLM-Based Agent Applications
  5. 2024CodePori: Large-Scale System for Autonomous Software Development Using Multi-Agent Technology
  6. 2026Developing LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems in Software Engineering: A Mixed-Method Experience Report
  7. 2025Breaking Single-Tester Limits: Multi-Agent LLMs for Multi-User Feature Testing
  8. 2026Complex Agents, Shallow Tests: Demystifying and Enhancing Test Adequacy of Agent Harness in the Wild