Weaker LLMs' Opinions Also Matter: Mixture of Opinions Enhances LLM's Mathematical Reasoning
On the map: LLM reasoning → Mathematical reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have raised interest in their formal reasoning capabilities, particularly in mathematics. While closed LLMs like GPT-4 perform well on mathematical benchmarks, e.g., GSM8K, it remains unclear whether small to medium-sized open LLMs can achieve similar performance, questioning their reliability. To close this gap, we propose a post-training approach leveraging a mixture of opinions (MoO) from weaker ancillary LLMs to enhance a (relatively) stronger LLM's reasoning. For that, each post-training sample is augmented with Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning steps and answers from ancillary LLMs, enabling the main LLM to learn from diverse perspectives. We compare MoO with standard supervised fine-tuning (SFT), few-shot prompting, and the Mixture of Agents (MoA) method on mathematical reasoning benchmarks. Our results show that incorporating weaker LLMs' opinions improves mathematical reasoning by an average of 5%, highlighting the value of diverse perspectives in reasoning tasks.
Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Mathematical reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 27 of its 37 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Feb 2025.
Builds on
27 of 37 references.
Closest ancestors · 1
Same direction, newest first
- 2024GSM-Symbolic: Understanding the Limitations of Mathematical Reasoning in Large Language Models7 Oct
Other references · 26
- 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 9,743
- 2021Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Datasetcited by 5,203
- 2023Let's Verify Step by Stepcited by 3,598
- 2017Outrageously Large Neural Networks: The Sparsely-Gated Mixture-of-Experts Layercited by 3,413
- 2024Mixtral of Expertscited by 1,785
- 2023MetaGPT: Meta Programming for A Multi-Agent Collaborative Frameworkcited by 1,761
- 2023Improving Factuality and Reasoning in Language Models through Multiagent Debatecited by 1,739
- 2024Length-Controlled AlpacaEval: A Simple Way to Debias Automatic Evaluatorscited by 865
- 2024Large Language Model based Multi-Agents: A Survey of Progress and Challengescited by 752
- 2022Automatic Chain of Thought Prompting in Large Language Modelscited by 684
- 2023LLM-Blender: Ensembling Large Language Models with Pairwise Ranking and Generative Fusioncited by 550
- 2024Mixture-of-Agents Enhances Large Language Model Capabilitiescited by 420
14 more
- 2024Training Language Models to Self-Correct via Reinforcement Learningcited by 405
- 2024TravelPlanner: A Benchmark for Real-World Planning with Language Agentscited by 385
- 2024Rethinking the Bounds of LLM Reasoning: Are Multi-Agent Discussions the Key?cited by 153
- 2024ProSA: Assessing and Understanding the Prompt Sensitivity of LLMscited by 145
- 2023Teaching Arithmetic to Small Transformerscited by 121
- 2024Chain of Thoughtlessness? An Analysis of CoT in Planningcited by 100
- 2024LLMs Still Can't Plan; Can LRMs? A Preliminary Evaluation of OpenAI's o1 on PlanBenchcited by 93
- 2024AgentLite: A Lightweight Library for Building and Advancing Task-Oriented LLM Agent Systemcited by 53
- 2023Beyond Chain-of-Thought, Effective Graph-of-Thought Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 51
- 2024How Susceptible are LLMs to Influence in Prompts?cited by 32
- 2024Can We Rely on LLM Agents to Draft Long-Horizon Plans? Let's Take TravelPlanner as an Examplecited by 22
- 2024Revealing the Barriers of Language Agents in Planningcited by 20
- 2023Think Outside the Code: Brainstorming Boosts Large Language Models in Code Generationcited by 19
- 2024On The Planning Abilities of OpenAI's o1 Models: Feasibility, Optimality, and Generalizabilitycited by 18
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 2.
2 papers.
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2024LLMs Are Not Intelligent Thinkers: Introducing Mathematical Topic Tree Benchmark for Comprehensive Evaluation of LLMs
- 2025Do LLMs Overthink Basic Math Reasoning? Benchmarking the Accuracy-Efficiency Tradeoff in Language Models
- 2024LLM Reasoning Engine: Specialized Training for Enhanced Mathematical Reasoning
- 2026Mathematical Reasoning in Large Language Models: Benchmarks, Architectures, Evaluation, and Open Challenges
- 2026The CompMath-MCQ Dataset: Are LLMs Ready for Higher-Level Math?
- 2025Does Math Reasoning Improve General LLM Capabilities? Understanding Transferability of LLM Reasoning
- 2025Teaching LLMs According to Their Aptitude: Adaptive Reasoning for Mathematical Problem Solving
- 2024MindStar: Enhancing Math Reasoning in Pre-trained LLMs at Inference Time