CONCUR: A Framework for Continual Constrained and Unconstrained Routing
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Abstract (arXiv)
AI tasks differ in complexity and are best addressed with different computation strategies (e.g., combinations of models and decoding methods). Hence, an effective routing system that maps tasks to the appropriate strategies is crucial. Most prior methods build the routing framework by training a single model across all strategies, which demands full retraining whenever new strategies appear and leads to high overhead. Attempts at such continual routing, however, often face difficulties with generalization. Prior models also typically use a single input representation, limiting their ability to capture the full complexity of the routing problem and leading to sub-optimal routing decisions. To address these gaps, we propose CONCUR, a continual routing framework that supports both constrained and unconstrained routing (i.e., routing with or without a budget). Our modular design trains a separate predictor model for each strategy, enabling seamless incorporation of new strategies with low additional training cost. Our predictors also leverage multiple representations of both tasks and computation strategies to better capture overall problem complexity. Experiments on both in-distribution and out-of-distribution, knowledge- and reasoning-intensive tasks show that our method outperforms the best single strategy and strong existing routing techniques with higher end-to-end accuracy and lower inference cost in both continual and non-continual settings, while also reducing training cost in the continual setting.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 24 of its 24 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Dec 2025.
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24 of 24 references.
References · 24
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12 more
- 2023Fly-Swat or Cannon? Cost-Effective Language Model Choice via Meta-Modelingcited by 95
- 2024RouterDC: Query-Based Router by Dual Contrastive Learning for Assembling Large Language Modelscited by 88
- 2025Universal Model Routing for Efficient LLM Inferencecited by 86
- 2024Learning How Hard to Think: Input-Adaptive Allocation of LM Computationcited by 70
- 2025MixLLM: Dynamic Routing in Mixed Large Language Modelscited by 59
- 2024EmbedLLM: Learning Compact Representations of Large Language Modelscited by 48
- 2024MetaLLM: A High-performant and Cost-efficient Dynamic Framework for Wrapping LLMscited by 41
- 2024Routoo: Learning to Route to Large Language Models Effectivelycited by 34
- 2023Tryage: Real-time, intelligent Routing of User Prompts to Large Language Modelscited by 30
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- 2025EllieSQL: Cost-Efficient Text-to-SQL with Complexity-Aware Routingcited by 13
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