MM-ACT: Learn from Multimodal Parallel Generation to Act
On the map: Vision-language-action models → Generalist VLA models and benchmarks
Abstract (arXiv)
A generalist robotic policy needs both semantic understanding for task planning and the ability to interact with the environment through predictive capabilities. To tackle this, we present MM-ACT, a unified Vision-Language-Action (VLA) model that integrates text, image, and action in shared token space and performs generation across all three modalities. MM-ACT adopts a re-mask parallel decoding strategy for text and image generation, and employs a one-step parallel decoding strategy for action generation to improve efficiency. We introduce Context-Shared Multimodal Learning, a unified training paradigm that supervises generation in all three modalities from a shared context, enhancing action generation through cross-modal learning. Experiments were conducted on the LIBERO simulation and Franka real-robot setups as well as RoboTwin2.0 to assess in-domain and out-of-domain performances respectively. Our approach achieves a success rate of 96.3% on LIBERO, 72.0% across three tasks of real Franka, and 52.38% across eight bimanual tasks of RoboTwin2.0 with an additional gain of 9.25% from cross-modal learning. We release our codes, models and data at https://github.com/HHYHRHY/MM-ACT.
Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Generalist VLA models and benchmarks, one of 13 directions in Vision-language-action models. Builds on 56 of its 63 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Nov 2025.
Builds on
56 of 63 references.
Closest ancestors · 6
Same direction, newest first
- 2025Fine-Tuning Vision-Language-Action Models: Optimizing Speed and Success27 Feb
- 2025DexVLA: Vision-Language Model with Plug-In Diffusion Expert for General Robot Control9 Feb
- 2025UP-VLA: A Unified Understanding and Prediction Model for Embodied Agent31 Jan
- 2024π0: A Vision-Language-Action Flow Model for General Robot Control31 Oct
- 2024OpenVLA: An Open-Source Vision-Language-Action Model13 Jun
- 2023RT-2: Vision-Language-Action Models Transfer Web Knowledge to Robotic Control28 Jul
Other references · 50
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,029
- 2024GPT-4o System Cardcited by 4,467
- 2023Stable Video Diffusion: Scaling Latent Video Diffusion Models to Large Datasetscited by 2,526
- 2022RT-1: Robotics Transformer for Real-World Control at Scalecited by 2,007
- 2021Structured Denoising Diffusion Models in Discrete State-Spacescited by 1,665
- 2023LIBERO: Benchmarking Knowledge Transfer for Lifelong Robot Learningcited by 1,338
- 2025GR00T N1: An Open Foundation Model for Generalist Humanoid Robotscited by 1,167
- 2025Qwen-Image Technical Reportcited by 973
- 2024Chameleon: Mixed-Modal Early-Fusion Foundation Modelscited by 904
- 2025Large Language Diffusion Modelscited by 872
- 2025Emerging Properties in Unified Multimodal Pretrainingcited by 855
38 more
- 2024Simple and Effective Masked Diffusion Language Modelscited by 800
- 2024Emu3: Next-Token Prediction is All You Needcited by 761
- 2024Show-o: One Single Transformer to Unify Multimodal Understanding and Generationcited by 734
- 2025FAST: Efficient Action Tokenization for Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 643
- 2023Language Model Beats Diffusion -- Tokenizer is Key to Visual Generationcited by 633
- 2021Argmax Flows and Multinomial Diffusion: Learning Categorical Distributionscited by 566
- 2023Learning Universal Policies via Text-Guided Video Generationcited by 506
- 2025RoboTwin 2.0: A Scalable Data Generator and Benchmark with Strong Domain Randomization for Robust Bimanual Robotic Manipulationcited by 477
- 2025CoT-VLA: Visual Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 440
- 2025WorldVLA: Towards Autoregressive Action World Modelcited by 351
- 2024Robotic Control via Embodied Chain-of-Thought Reasoningcited by 340
- 2024SEED-X: Multimodal Models with Unified Multi-granularity Comprehension and Generationcited by 328
- 2024TraceVLA: Visual Trace Prompting Enhances Spatial-Temporal Awareness for Generalist Robotic Policiescited by 298
- 2023DreamLLM: Synergistic Multimodal Comprehension and Creationcited by 296
- 2024Video Prediction Policy: A Generalist Robot Policy with Predictive Visual Representationscited by 279
- 2025MMaDA: Multimodal Large Diffusion Language Modelscited by 241
- 2025Hi Robot: Open-Ended Instruction Following with Hierarchical Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 216
- 2025EmbodiedBench: Comprehensive Benchmarking Multi-modal Large Language Models for Vision-Driven Embodied Agentscited by 213
- 2025DreamVLA: A Vision-Language-Action Model Dreamed with Comprehensive World Knowledgecited by 203
- 2024VLABench: A Large-Scale Benchmark for Language-Conditioned Robotics Manipulation with Long-Horizon Reasoning Taskscited by 171
- 2024Predictive Inverse Dynamics Models are Scalable Learners for Robotic Manipulationcited by 159
- 2025PhysBench: Benchmarking and Enhancing Vision-Language Models for Physical World Understandingcited by 147
- 2025GraspVLA: a Grasping Foundation Model Pre-trained on Billion-scale Synthetic Action Datacited by 120
- 2025ChatVLA: Unified Multimodal Understanding and Robot Control with Vision-Language-Action Modelcited by 112
- 2025OneTwoVLA: A Unified Vision-Language-Action Model with Adaptive Reasoningcited by 105
- 2025PD-VLA: Accelerating Vision-Language-Action Model Integrated with Action Chunking via Parallel Decodingcited by 88
- 2025InternVLA-M1: A Spatially Guided Vision-Language-Action Framework for Generalist Robot Policycited by 83
- 2025Unified Multimodal Understanding and Generation Models: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunitiescited by 81
- 2024Dual Diffusion for Unified Image Generation and Understandingcited by 76
- 2025InstructVLA: Vision-Language-Action Instruction Tuning from Understanding to Manipulationcited by 71
- 2024RoboTwin: Dual-Arm Robot Benchmark with Generative Digital Twins (early version)cited by 68
- 2025Igniting VLMs toward the Embodied Spacecited by 53
- 2025Muddit: Liberating Generation Beyond Text-to-Image with a Unified Discrete Diffusion Modelcited by 52
- 2025FUDOKI: Discrete Flow-based Unified Understanding and Generation via Kinetic-Optimal Velocitiescited by 46
- 2025Unified Diffusion VLA: Vision-Language-Action Model via Joint Discrete Denoising Diffusion Processcited by 37
- 2025EO-1: An Open Unified Embodied Foundation Model for General Robot Controlcited by 30
- 2025ManipBench: Benchmarking Vision-Language Models for Low-Level Robot Manipulationcited by 24
- 2025GENMANIP: LLM-driven Simulation for Generalizable Instruction-Following Manipulationcited by 18
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 12.
12 papers.
- 2026VLANeXt: Recipes for Building Strong VLA Modelscited by 12
- 2026MMaDA-VLA: Large Diffusion Vision-Language-Action Model with Unified Multi-Modal Instruction and Generationcited by 10
- 2026Fast-dVLA: Accelerating Discrete Diffusion VLA to Real-Time Performancecited by 9
- 2026TurboVLA: Real-Time Vision-Language-Action Model at 32 Hz on an RTX 4090 with <1 GB VRAMcited by 9
- 2026DFM-VLA: Iterative Action Refinement for Robot Manipulation via Discrete Flow Matchingcited by 5
- 2026Closed-Loop Action Chunks with Dynamic Corrections for Training-Free Diffusion Policycited by 3
- 2026Event-VLA: Action-Conditioned Event Fusion for Robust Vision-Language-Action Modelcited by 2
- 2026DriftingVLA: Native One-Step Vision-Language-Action Generation via Per-Dimension Temporal Driftingcited by 2
- 2026Dreaming when Necessary: Advancing World Action Models with Adaptive Multi-Modal Reasoningcited by 1
- 2026dVLA-RL: Reinforcement Learning over Denoising Trajectories for Discrete Diffusion Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 1
- 2026SA-VLA: State-aware tokenizer for improving Vision-Language-Action Models' performancecited by 1
- 2026RxBrain: Embodied Cognition Foundation Model with Joint Language-Visual Reasoning and Imaginationcited by 1
- 2026DriftingVLA: Native One-Step Vision-Language-Action Generation via Per-Dimension Temporal Drifting30 Aug 2026
- 2026TurboVLA: Real-Time Vision-Language-Action Model at 32 Hz on an RTX 4090 with <1 GB VRAM29 Jul 2026
- 2026RxBrain: Embodied Cognition Foundation Model with Joint Language-Visual Reasoning and Imagination15 Jul 2026
- 2026SA-VLA: State-aware tokenizer for improving Vision-Language-Action Models' performance29 Jun 2026
- 2026Event-VLA: Action-Conditioned Event Fusion for Robust Vision-Language-Action Model28 Jun 2026
- 2026dVLA-RL: Reinforcement Learning over Denoising Trajectories for Discrete Diffusion Vision-Language-Action Models22 Jun 2026
- 2026Dreaming when Necessary: Advancing World Action Models with Adaptive Multi-Modal Reasoning5 Jun 2026
- 2026DFM-VLA: Iterative Action Refinement for Robot Manipulation via Discrete Flow Matching27 Mar 2026
- 2026Fast-dVLA: Accelerating Discrete Diffusion VLA to Real-Time Performance26 Mar 2026
- 2026MMaDA-VLA: Large Diffusion Vision-Language-Action Model with Unified Multi-Modal Instruction and Generation26 Mar 2026
- 2026Closed-Loop Action Chunks with Dynamic Corrections for Training-Free Diffusion Policy2 Mar 2026
- 2026VLANeXt: Recipes for Building Strong VLA Models20 Feb 2026
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- 2026Let It Be Simple: One-Step Action Generation for Vision-Language-Action Models
- 2026InternVLA-A1: Unifying Understanding, Generation and Action for Robotic Manipulation
- 2025Unveiling the Potential of Vision-Language-Action Models with Open-Ended Multimodal Instructions
- 2026Vision-Language-Action in Robotics: A Survey of Datasets, Benchmarks, and Data Engines
- 2025SmolVLA: A Vision-Language-Action Model for Affordable and Efficient Robotics
- 2025dVLA: Diffusion Vision-Language-Action Model with Multimodal Chain-of-Thought
- 2026Decoupling Vision, Language, and Action for Efficient Multi-Task Robot Policies