mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Light-Weight Benchmarks Reveal the Hidden Hardware Cost of Zero-Shot Tabular Foundation Models

arXiv 2512.00888 ↗First posted 30 Nov 2025cs.LG cs.AIcited by 1

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Abstract (arXiv)

Zero-shot foundation models (FMs) promise training-free prediction on tabular data, yet their hardware footprint remains poorly characterized. We present a fully reproducible benchmark that reports test accuracy together with wall-clock latency, peak CPU RAM, and peak GPU VRAM on four public datasets: Adult-Income, Higgs-100k, Wine-Quality, and California-Housing. Two open FMs (TabPFN-1.0 and TabICL-base) are compared against tuned XGBoost, LightGBM, and Random Forest baselines on a single NVIDIA T4 GPU. The tree ensembles equal or surpass FM accuracy on three datasets while completing full-test batches in <= 0.40 s and <= 150 MB RAM, using zero VRAM. TabICL achieves a 0.8 percentage-point gain on Higgs but requires roughly 40,000 times more latency (960 s) and 9 GB VRAM. TabPFN matches tree-model accuracy on Wine and Housing but peaks at 4 GB VRAM and cannot process the full 100k-row Higgs table. These results quantify the substantial hardware-versus-accuracy trade-offs in current tabular FMs and provide an open baseline for future efficiency-oriented research.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 12 of its 19 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Nov 2025.

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12 of 19 references.

References · 12

  1. 2016XGBoost: A Scalable Tree Boosting Systemcited by 5,166
  2. 2020Rethinking Attention with Performerscited by 1,601
  3. 2021Revisiting Deep Learning Models for Tabular Datacited by 740
  4. 2019TabNet: Attentive Interpretable Tabular Learningcited by 648
  5. 2020TabTransformer: Tabular Data Modeling Using Contextual Embeddingscited by 409
  6. 2020TaBERT: Pretraining for Joint Understanding of Textual and Tabular Datacited by 398
  7. 2021SAINT: Improved Neural Networks for Tabular Data via Row Attention and Contrastive Pre-Trainingcited by 319
  8. 2025TabICL: A Tabular Foundation Model for In-Context Learning on Large Datacited by 289
  9. 2019Neural Oblivious Decision Ensembles for Deep Learning on Tabular Datacited by 203
  10. 2024CARTE: Pretraining and Transfer for Tabular Learningcited by 76
  11. 2023TabR: Tabular Deep Learning Meets Nearest Neighbors in 2023cited by 74
  12. 2020PMLB v1.0: An open source dataset collection for benchmarking machine learning methodscited by 58

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