CADD: A Chinese Traffic Accident Dataset for Statute-Based Liability Attribution

As autonomous driving technology advances, the critical challenge evolves beyond collision avoidance to the adjudication of liability when accidents occur. Existing datasets, focused on detection and localization, lack the annotations required for this legal reasoning. To bridge this gap, we introduce the Chinese Accident Duty-determination Dataset (CADD), the first benchmark for statute-based liability attribution. CADD contains 792 real-world driving recorder videos, each annotated within a novel ``Behavior--Liability--Statute'' pipeline. This framework provides granular, symmetric behavior annotations, clear responsibility assignments, and, uniquely, links each case to the specific Chinese traffic law statute violated. We demonstrate the utility of CADD through detailed analysis and establish benchmarks for liability prediction and explainable decision-making. By directly connecting perceptual data to legal consequences, CADD provides a foundational resource for developing accountable and legally-grounded autonomous systems.