Text Simplification with Sentence Embeddings
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Abstract (arXiv)
Sentence embeddings can be decoded to give approximations of the original texts used to create them. We explore this effect in the context of text simplification, demonstrating that reconstructed text embeddings preserve complexity levels. We experiment with a small feed forward neural network to effectively learn a transformation between sentence embeddings representing high-complexity and low-complexity texts. We provide comparison to a Seq2Seq and LLM-based approach, showing encouraging results in our much smaller learning setting. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of our transformation to an unseen simplification dataset (MedEASI), as well as datasets from languages outside the training data (ES,DE). We conclude that learning transformations in sentence embedding space is a promising direction for future research and has potential to unlock the ability to develop small, but powerful models for text simplification and other natural language generation tasks.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 19 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Oct 2025.
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19 of 45 references.
References · 19
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- 2020Neural CRF Model for Sentence Alignment in Text Simplificationcited by 106
- 2024Large Concept Models: Language Modeling in a Sentence Representation Spacecited by 89
- 2019EditNTS: An Neural Programmer-Interpreter Model for Sentence Simplification through Explicit Editingcited by 63
- 2022LENS: A Learnable Evaluation Metric for Text Simplificationcited by 54
7 more
- 2023BLESS: Benchmarking Large Language Models on Sentence Simplificationcited by 35
- 2021Document-Level Text Simplification: Dataset, Criteria and Baselinecited by 27
- 2023Med-EASi: Finely Annotated Dataset and Models for Controllable Simplification of Medical Textscited by 16
- 2022A Neural Pairwise Ranking Model for Readability Assessmentcited by 14
- 2023DEPLAIN: A German Parallel Corpus with Intralingual Translations into Plain Language for Sentence and Document Simplificationcited by 14
- 2020Benchmarking Automated Clinical Language Simplification: Dataset, Algorithm, and Evaluationcited by 5
- 2025SONAR-LLM: Autoregressive Transformer that Thinks in Sentence Embeddings and Speaks in Tokenscited by 4
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