FinReflectKG -- EvalBench: Benchmarking Financial KG with Multi-Dimensional Evaluation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used to extract structured knowledge from unstructured financial text. Although prior studies have explored various extraction methods, there is no universal benchmark or unified evaluation framework for the construction of financial knowledge graphs (KG). We introduce FinReflectKG - EvalBench, a benchmark and evaluation framework for KG extraction from SEC 10-K filings. Building on the agentic and holistic evaluation principles of FinReflectKG - a financial KG linking audited triples to source chunks from S&P 100 filings and supporting single-pass, multi-pass, and reflection-agent-based extraction modes - EvalBench implements a deterministic commit-then-justify judging protocol with explicit bias controls, mitigating position effects, leniency, verbosity and world-knowledge reliance. Each candidate triple is evaluated with binary judgments of faithfulness, precision, and relevance, while comprehensiveness is assessed on a three-level ordinal scale (good, partial, bad) at the chunk level. Our findings suggest that, when equipped with explicit bias controls, LLM-as-Judge protocols provide a reliable and cost-efficient alternative to human annotation, while also enabling structured error analysis. Reflection-based extraction emerges as the superior approach, achieving best performance in comprehensiveness, precision, and relevance, while single-pass extraction maintains the highest faithfulness. By aggregating these complementary dimensions, FinReflectKG - EvalBench enables fine-grained benchmarking and bias-aware evaluation, advancing transparency and governance in financial AI applications.
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References · 18
- 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,302
- 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
- 2023A Survey on Evaluation of Large Language Modelscited by 1,227
- 2024Do NOT Think That Much for 2+3=? On the Overthinking of o1-Like LLMscited by 564
- 2024From Generation to Judgment: Opportunities and Challenges of LLM-as-a-judgecited by 480
- 2025Stop Overthinking: A Survey on Efficient Reasoning for Large Language Modelscited by 456
- 2023Large Language Models Are Not Robust Multiple Choice Selectorscited by 454
- 2024LLMs-as-Judges: A Comprehensive Survey on LLM-based Evaluation Methodscited by 451
- 2024Justice or Prejudice? Quantifying Biases in LLM-as-a-Judgecited by 354
- 2024Humans or LLMs as the Judge? A Study on Judgement Biasescited by 314
- 2024Judging the Judges: A Systematic Study of Position Bias in LLM-as-a-Judgecited by 249
- 2024When Benchmarks are Targets: Revealing the Sensitivity of Large Language Model Leaderboardscited by 134
6 more
- 2023GoLLIE: Annotation Guidelines improve Zero-Shot Information-Extractioncited by 116
- 2024Extract, Define, Canonicalize: An LLM-based Framework for Knowledge Graph Constructioncited by 70
- 2024GraphReader: Building Graph-based Agent to Enhance Long-Context Abilities of Large Language Modelscited by 42
- 2024Are LLM-Judges Robust to Expressions of Uncertainty? Investigating the effect of Epistemic Markers on LLM-based Evaluationcited by 29
- 2025Can You Trick the Grader? Adversarial Persuasion of LLM Judgescited by 9
- 2025Reasoning or Overthinking: Evaluating Large Language Models on Financial Sentiment Analysiscited by 5
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- 2025FinReflectKG -- MultiHop: Financial QA Benchmark for Reasoning with Knowledge Graph Evidence
- 2026FinRiskAtlas: Decision-Aligned Evaluation of Large Language Models for Financial Risk Review
- 2024FinBen: A Holistic Financial Benchmark for Large Language Models
- 2025FinAuditing: A Financial Taxonomy-Structured Multi-Document Benchmark for Evaluating LLMs
- 2025FinKario: Event-Enhanced Automated Construction of Financial Knowledge Graph
- 2026FinToolBench: Evaluating LLM Agents for Real-World Financial Tool Use
- 2026FinForge: Semi-Synthetic Financial Benchmark Generation
- 2025FinAgentBench: A Benchmark Dataset for Agentic Retrieval in Financial Question Answering