Beyond Global Emotion: Fine-Grained Emotional Speech Synthesis with Dynamic Word-Level Modulation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Emotional text-to-speech (E-TTS) is central to creating natural and trustworthy human-computer interaction. Existing systems typically rely on sentence-level control through predefined labels, reference audio, or natural language prompts. While effective for global emotion expression, these approaches fail to capture dynamic shifts within a sentence. To address this limitation, we introduce Emo-FiLM, a fine-grained emotion modeling framework for LLM-based TTS. Emo-FiLM aligns frame-level features from emotion2vec to words to obtain word-level emotion annotations, and maps them through a Feature-wise Linear Modulation (FiLM) layer, enabling word-level emotion control by directly modulating text embeddings. To support evaluation, we construct the Fine-grained Emotion Dynamics Dataset (FEDD) with detailed annotations of emotional transitions. Experiments show that Emo-FiLM outperforms existing approaches on both global and fine-grained tasks, demonstrating its effectiveness and generality for expressive speech synthesis.
Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 17 of its 20 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Sep 2025.
Builds on
17 of 20 references.
References · 17
- 2022Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak Supervisioncited by 4,057
- 2020HiFi-GAN: Generative Adversarial Networks for Efficient and High Fidelity Speech Synthesiscited by 1,154
- 2024CosyVoice: A Scalable Multilingual Zero-shot Text-to-speech Synthesizer based on Supervised Semantic Tokenscited by 334
- 2024CosyVoice 2: Scalable Streaming Speech Synthesis with Large Language Modelscited by 288
- 2023emotion2vec: Self-Supervised Pre-Training for Speech Emotion Representationcited by 205
- 2021A Survey on Neural Speech Synthesiscited by 184
- 2021Emotional Voice Conversion: Theory, Databases and ESDcited by 115
- 2024EmoSphere-TTS: Emotional Style and Intensity Modeling via Spherical Emotion Vector for Controllable Emotional Text-to-Speechcited by 24
- 2021EMOVIE: A Mandarin Emotion Speech Dataset with a Simple Emotional Text-to-Speech Modelcited by 18
- 2023EmoSpeech: Guiding FastSpeech2 Towards Emotional Text to Speechcited by 15
- 2024Controlling Emotion in Text-to-Speech with Natural Language Promptscited by 9
- 2023METTS: Multilingual Emotional Text-to-Speech by Cross-speaker and Cross-lingual Emotion Transfercited by 6
5 more
- 2024Style Mixture of Experts for Expressive Text-To-Speech Synthesiscited by 6
- 2024UMETTS: A Unified Framework for Emotional Text-to-Speech Synthesis with Multimodal Promptscited by 5
- 2024Human and LLM-Based Voice Assistant Interaction: An Analytical Framework for User Verbal and Nonverbal Behaviorscited by 5
- 2023The Importance of Multimodal Emotion Conditioning and Affect Consistency for Embodied Conversational Agentscited by 4
- 2024VECL-TTS: Voice identity and Emotional style controllable Cross-Lingual Text-to-Speechcited by 4
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 3.
3 papers.
- 2026The False Resonance: A Critical Examination of Emotion Embedding Similarity for Speech Generation Evaluationcited by 1
- 2026HPRO: Hierarchical Progressive Reward Optimization via Preference Extraction for Emotional Text-to-Speechcited by 1
- 2026ParaGeo: Decomposing Paralinguistic Variation into a Shared Latent Geometrycited by 0
- 2026ParaGeo: Decomposing Paralinguistic Variation into a Shared Latent Geometry2 Oct 2026
- 2026HPRO: Hierarchical Progressive Reward Optimization via Preference Extraction for Emotional Text-to-Speech26 Jun 2026
- 2026The False Resonance: A Critical Examination of Emotion Embedding Similarity for Speech Generation Evaluation29 Apr 2026