Apertus: Democratizing Open and Compliant LLMs for Global Language Environments
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present Apertus, a fully open suite of large language models (LLMs) designed to address two systemic shortcomings in today's open model ecosystem: data compliance and multilingual representation. Unlike many prior models that release weights without reproducible data pipelines or regard for content-owner rights, Apertus models are pretrained exclusively on openly available data, retroactively respecting `robots.txt` exclusions and filtering for non-permissive, toxic, and personally identifiable content. To mitigate risks of memorization, we adopt the Goldfish objective during pretraining, strongly suppressing verbatim recall of data while retaining downstream task performance. The Apertus models also expand multilingual coverage, training on 15T tokens from over 1800 languages, with ~40% of pretraining data allocated to non-English content. Released at 8B and 70B scales, Apertus approaches state-of-the-art results among fully open models on multilingual benchmarks, rivalling or surpassing open-weight counterparts. Beyond model weights, we release all scientific artifacts from our development cycle with a permissive license, including data preparation scripts, checkpoints, evaluation suites, and training code, enabling transparent audit and extension.
Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 17 Sep 2025.
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 10.
12 papers.
- 2025Global PIQA: Evaluating Commonsense Reasoning Across 100+ Languages and Culturescited by 10
- 2025K2-V2: A 360-Open, Reasoning-Enhanced LLMcited by 3
- 2026Marco-MoE: Open Multilingual Mixture-of-Expert Language Models with Efficient Upcyclingcited by 3
- 2026Think Multilingual, Not Harder: A Data-Efficient Framework for Teaching Reasoning Models to Code-Switchcited by 2
- 2026M"OVE: A Holistic LLM Benchmark for the German Public Sectorcited by 1
- 2026A Sovereign, Open-Source Foundation Model for German and Englishcited by 1
- 2026Optimizer Memory Schedules for Outscaling the Overtraining Axiscited by 1
- 2026Exploring Adversarial Robustness and Safety Alignment in Multilingual Multi-Modal Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026sk-bench: A Native-First Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models in Slovakcited by 0
- 2026Wieszcz-XIX: A 3.1-Billion-Word Corpus of Pre-1918 Polish and Temporally Bounded Language Models Trained From Scratchcited by 0
- 2026Adapting English Quality Classifiers for Multilingual LLM Pretraining Data Selectioncited by 0
- 2026Project Greenhouse: Progress Toward Fully Open and Sovereign Agentic Searchcited by 0
- 2026Project Greenhouse: Progress Toward Fully Open and Sovereign Agentic Search8 Oct 2026
- 2026Adapting English Quality Classifiers for Multilingual LLM Pretraining Data Selection8 Oct 2026
- 2026Wieszcz-XIX: A 3.1-Billion-Word Corpus of Pre-1918 Polish and Temporally Bounded Language Models Trained From Scratch6 Oct 2026
- 2026sk-bench: A Native-First Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models in Slovak6 Oct 2026
- 2026Optimizer Memory Schedules for Outscaling the Overtraining Axis4 Sep 2026
- 2026A Sovereign, Open-Source Foundation Model for German and English10 Jul 2026
- 2026M"OVE: A Holistic LLM Benchmark for the German Public Sector11 Jun 2026
- 2026Exploring Adversarial Robustness and Safety Alignment in Multilingual Multi-Modal Large Language Models2 Jun 2026
- 2026Marco-MoE: Open Multilingual Mixture-of-Expert Language Models with Efficient Upcycling28 Apr 2026
- 2026Think Multilingual, Not Harder: A Data-Efficient Framework for Teaching Reasoning Models to Code-Switch16 Apr 2026
- 2025K2-V2: A 360-Open, Reasoning-Enhanced LLM5 Dec 2025
- 2025Global PIQA: Evaluating Commonsense Reasoning Across 100+ Languages and Cultures28 Oct 2025