mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

One Head, Many Models: Cross-Attention Routing for Cost-Aware LLM Selection

arXiv 2509.09782 ↗First posted 11 Sep 2025cs.LGcited by 4

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Abstract (arXiv)

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) with varying computational costs and performance profiles presents a critical challenge for scalable, cost-effective deployment in real-world applications. We introduce a unified routing framework that leverages a single-head cross-attention mechanism to jointly model query and model embeddings, enabling dynamic selection of the optimal LLM for each input query. Our approach is evaluated on RouterBench, a large-scale, publicly available benchmark encompassing diverse LLM pools and domains. By explicitly capturing fine-grained query-model interactions, our router predicts both response quality and generation cost, achieving up to 6.6% improvement in Average Improvement in Quality (AIQ) and 2.9% in maximum performance over existing routers. To robustly balance performance and cost, we propose an exponential reward function that enhances stability across user preferences. The resulting architecture is lightweight, generalizes effectively across domains, and demonstrates improved efficiency compared to prior methods, establishing a new standard for cost-aware LLM routing.

Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 15 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Sep 2025.

Builds on

14 of 15 references.

References · 14

  1. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
  2. 2023Mistral 7Bcited by 3,164
  3. 2024RouteLLM: Learning to Route LLMs with Preference Datacited by 682
  4. 2023LLM-Blender: Ensembling Large Language Models with Pairwise Ranking and Generative Fusioncited by 564
  5. 2024RouterBench: A Benchmark for Multi-LLM Routing Systemcited by 238
  6. 2025Universal Model Routing for Efficient LLM Inferencecited by 86
  7. 2024TensorOpera Router: A Multi-Model Router for Efficient LLM Inferencecited by 60
  8. 2025CARROT: A Cost Aware Rate Optimal Routercited by 39
  9. 2024Eagle: Efficient Training-Free Router for Multi-LLM Inferencecited by 35
  10. 2025LLM Bandit: Cost-Efficient LLM Generation via Preference-Conditioned Dynamic Routingcited by 34
  11. 2025Causal LLM Routing: End-to-End Regret Minimization from Observational Datacited by 28
  12. 2025Adaptive LLM Routing under Budget Constraintscited by 24
2 more
  1. 2024OptLLM: Optimal Assignment of Queries to Large Language Modelscited by 16
  2. 2024PickLLM: Context-Aware RL-Assisted Large Language Model Routingcited by 13

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 4.

4 papers.