Plantbot: Integrating Plant and Robot through LLM Modular Agent Networks
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Multimodal and embodied agents
Abstract (arXiv)
We introduce Plantbot, a hybrid lifeform that connects a living plant with a mobile robot through a network of large language model (LLM) modules. Each module - responsible for sensing, vision, dialogue, or action - operates asynchronously and communicates via natural language, enabling seamless interaction across biological and artificial domains. This architecture leverages the capacity of LLMs to serve as hybrid interfaces, where natural language functions as a universal protocol, translating multimodal data (soil moisture, temperature, visual context) into linguistic messages that coordinate system behaviors. The integrated network transforms plant states into robotic actions, installing normativity essential for agency within the sensor-motor loop. By combining biological and robotic elements through LLM-mediated communication, Plantbot behaves as an embodied, adaptive agent capable of responding autonomously to environmental conditions. This approach suggests possibilities for a new model of artificial life, where decentralized, LLM modules coordination enable novel interactions between biological and artificial systems.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal and embodied agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 8 of its 24 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Sep 2025.
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8 of 24 references.
References · 8
- 2023Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behaviorcited by 3,568
- 2023Voyager: An Open-Ended Embodied Agent with Large Language Modelscited by 2,191
- 2022RT-1: Robotics Transformer for Real-World Control at Scalecited by 2,061
- 2024Project Sid: Many-agent simulations toward AI civilizationcited by 49
- 2023From Text to Motion: Grounding GPT-4 in a Humanoid Robot "Alter3"cited by 13
- 2022Hybrid Life: Integrating Biological, Artificial, and Cognitive Systemscited by 3
- 2024Minimal Self in Humanoid Robot "Alter3" Driven by Large Language Modelcited by 2
- 2025A Concurrent Modular Agent: Framework for Autonomous LLM Agentscited by 2
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- 2026Toward Controlling Biology with Language:Offline Learning of Prompt-Conditioned Interventions for Cells, Organoids, and Biobots
- 2026Conversable Complexity: Agentic LLM Collectives as Interpretable Substrates
- 2026Plant-Inspired AI: Plants as Inspiration for Novel Problem Formulations, and Two Case Studies
- 2026Embodied Multi-Agent Coordination by Aligning World Models Through Dialogue
- 2025Multi-Agent Systems Powered by Large Language Models: Applications in Swarm Intelligence
- 2025Towards Embodied Agentic AI: Review and Classification of LLM- and VLM-Driven Robot Autonomy and Interaction
- 2025Leveraging LLMs for Mission Planning in Precision Agriculture
- 2025BioMARS: A Multi-Agent Robotic System for Autonomous Biological Experiments