mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Multi-Agent Systems Powered by Large Language Models: Applications in Swarm Intelligence

arXiv 2503.03800 ↗First posted 5 Mar 2025cs.MA cs.AI cs.CLcited by 14

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks

Abstract (arXiv)

This work examines the integration of large language models (LLMs) into multi-agent simulations by replacing the hard-coded programs of agents with LLM-driven prompts. The proposed approach is showcased in the context of two examples of complex systems from the field of swarm intelligence: ant colony foraging and bird flocking. Central to this study is a toolchain that integrates LLMs with the NetLogo simulation platform, leveraging its Python extension to enable communication with GPT-4o via the OpenAI API. This toolchain facilitates prompt-driven behavior generation, allowing agents to respond adaptively to environmental data. For both example applications mentioned above, we employ both structured, rule-based prompts and autonomous, knowledge-driven prompts. Our work demonstrates how this toolchain enables LLMs to study self-organizing processes and induce emergent behaviors within multi-agent environments, paving the way for new approaches to exploring intelligent systems and modeling swarm intelligence inspired by natural phenomena. We provide the code, including simulation files and data at https://github.com/crjimene/swarm_gpt.

Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 14 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 Mar 2025.

Builds on

14 of 34 references.

Closest ancestors · 3

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023Large Language Models Empowered Agent-based Modeling and Simulation: A Survey and Perspectives19 Dec
  2. 2023SMART-LLM: Smart Multi-Agent Robot Task Planning using Large Language Models18 Sep
  3. 2023Multi-Agent Collaboration: Harnessing the Power of Intelligent LLM Agents5 Jun

Other references · 11

  1. 2023Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behaviorcited by 3,568
  2. 2023A Survey on Evaluation of Large Language Modelscited by 1,242
  3. 2023Ghost in the Minecraft: Generally Capable Agents for Open-World Environments via Large Language Models with Text-based Knowledge and Memorycited by 289
  4. 2023S3: Social-network Simulation System with Large Language Model-Empowered Agentscited by 233
  5. 2023Collaborating with language models for embodied reasoningcited by 61
  6. 2024Model Swarms: Collaborative Search to Adapt LLM Experts via Swarm Intelligencecited by 27
  7. 2023Exploring the Intersection of Large Language Models and Agent-Based Modeling via Prompt Engineeringcited by 17
  8. 2023Swarm-GPT: Combining Large Language Models with Safe Motion Planning for Robot Choreography Designcited by 15
  9. 2024LLM2Swarm: Robot Swarms that Responsively Reason, Plan, and Collaborate through LLMscited by 12
  10. 2024SNN4Agents: A Framework for Developing Energy-Efficient Embodied Spiking Neural Networks for Autonomous Agentscited by 4
  11. 2022Emergent communication enhances foraging behaviour in evolved swarms controlled by Spiking Neural Networkscited by 2

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 10; 2026: 4.

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  1. 2025MAGPIE: A benchmark for Multi-AGent contextual PrIvacy Evaluationcited by 29
  2. 2025Grid-Agent: An LLM-Powered Multi-Agent System for Power Grid Controlcited by 15
  3. 2025From the Fluency Fallacy to the Micro-to-Macro Validity Gap: Opportunities and Pitfalls of LLMs in Social Simulationcited by 10
  4. 2026Generative AI collective behavior needs an interactionist paradigmcited by 6
  5. 2025Agentic Systems in Radiology: Design, Applications, Evaluation, and Challengescited by 5
  6. 2025HiVA: Self-organized Hierarchical Variable Agent via Goal-driven Semantic-Topological Evolutioncited by 3
  7. 2025Agentic Inequalitycited by 3
  8. 2025DAO-Agent: Zero Knowledge-Verified Incentives for Decentralized Multi-Agent Coordinationcited by 3
  9. 2025From Bits to Boardrooms: A Cutting-Edge Multi-Agent LLM Framework for Business Excellencecited by 2
  10. 2026Three AI-agents walk into a bar . . . . `Lord of the Flies' tribalism emerges among smart AI-Agentscited by 2
  11. 2026On Theoretically-Driven LLM Agents for Multi-Dimensional Discourse Analysiscited by 1
  12. 2025LLM-Assisted Iterative Evolution with Swarm Intelligence Toward SuperBraincited by 0
2 more
  1. 2025When AI Agents Compete for Jobs: Strategic Capabilities and Economic Dynamics of AI Labour Marketscited by 0
  2. 2026Multi-Agentic Approach for History Matching of Oil Reservoirscited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Benchmarking LLMs' Swarm intelligence
  2. 2024Challenges Faced by Large Language Models in Solving Multi-Agent Flocking
  3. 2024Large Language Model based Multi-Agents: A Survey of Progress and Challenges
  4. 2025SwarmSys: Decentralized Swarm-Inspired Agents for Scalable and Adaptive Reasoning
  5. 2025Large Language Model Agent: A Survey on Methodology, Applications and Challenges
  6. 2026SwarmBench: Can Large Language Models Act as Agent Swarm Orchestrators?
  7. 2024Exploring Large Language Model based Intelligent Agents: Definitions, Methods, and Prospects
  8. 2023A Survey on Large Language Model based Autonomous Agents