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What Are Research Hypotheses?

arXiv 2509.00185 ↗First posted 29 Aug 2025cs.CL cs.AIcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

Over the past decades, alongside advancements in natural language processing, significant attention has been paid to training models to automatically extract, understand, test, and generate hypotheses in open and scientific domains. However, interpretations of the term hypothesis for various natural language understanding (NLU) tasks have migrated from traditional definitions in the natural, social, and formal sciences. Even within NLU, we observe differences defining hypotheses across literature. In this paper, we overview and delineate various definitions of hypothesis. Especially, we discern the nuances of definitions across recently published NLU tasks. We highlight the importance of well-structured and well-defined hypotheses, particularly as we move toward a machine-interpretable scholarly record.

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References · 18

  1. 2023Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Modelscited by 13,028
  2. 2020Fact or Fiction: Verifying Scientific Claimscited by 554
  3. 2025Accelerating scientific discovery with Co-Scientistcited by 401
  4. 2024Can LLMs Generate Novel Research Ideas? A Large-Scale Human Study with 100+ NLP Researcherscited by 363
  5. 2023SciMON: Scientific Inspiration Machines Optimized for Noveltycited by 179
  6. 2021Explaining Answers with Entailment Treescited by 152
  7. 2024DiscoveryBench: Towards Data-Driven Discovery with Large Language Modelscited by 109
  8. 2021COVID-Fact: Fact Extraction and Verification of Real-World Claims on COVID-19 Pandemiccited by 100
  9. 2023Large Language Models for Automated Open-domain Scientific Hypotheses Discoverycited by 100
  10. 2024Hypothesis Generation with Large Language Modelscited by 71
  11. 2019Recent Advances in Natural Language Inference: A Survey of Benchmarks, Resources, and Approachescited by 65
  12. 2023Large Language Models are Zero Shot Hypothesis Proposerscited by 45
6 more
  1. 2025PiFlow: Principle-Aware Scientific Discovery with Multi-Agent Collaborationcited by 28
  2. 2024Can Large Language Models Unlock Novel Scientific Research Ideas?cited by 24
  3. 2014The effect of wording on message propagation: Topic- and author-controlled natural experiments on Twittercited by 21
  4. 2022BioNLI: Generating a Biomedical NLI Dataset Using Lexico-semantic Constraints for Adversarial Examplescited by 15
  5. 2019Claim Extraction in Biomedical Publications using Deep Discourse Model and Transfer Learningcited by 12
  6. 2023Can Large Language Models Discern Evidence for Scientific Hypotheses? Case Studies in the Social Sciencescited by 6

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