When Audio and Text Disagree: Revealing Text Bias in Large Audio-Language Models
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Abstract (arXiv)
Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) are enhanced with audio perception capabilities, enabling them to effectively process and understand multimodal inputs that combine audio and text. However, their performance in handling conflicting information between audio and text modalities remains largely unexamined. This paper introduces MCR-BENCH, the first comprehensive benchmark specifically designed to evaluate how LALMs prioritize information when presented with inconsistent audio-text pairs. Through extensive evaluation across diverse audio understanding tasks, we reveal a concerning phenomenon: when inconsistencies exist between modalities, LALMs display a significant bias toward textual input, frequently disregarding audio evidence. This tendency leads to substantial performance degradation in audio-centric tasks and raises important reliability concerns for real-world applications. We further investigate the influencing factors of text bias, and explore mitigation strategies through supervised finetuning, and analyze model confidence patterns that reveal persistent overconfidence even with contradictory inputs. These findings underscore the need for improved modality balance during training and more sophisticated fusion mechanisms to enhance the robustness when handling conflicting multi-modal inputs. The project is available at https://github.com/WangCheng0116/MCR-BENCH.
Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 17 of its 28 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Aug 2025.
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17 of 28 references.
References · 17
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5 more
- 2025Words or Vision: Do Vision-Language Models Have Blind Faith in Text?cited by 89
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 12.
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- 2026When Audio-LLMs Don't Listen: A Cross-Linguistic Study of Modality Arbitrationcited by 5
- 2025When Silence Matters: The Impact of Irrelevant Audio on Text Reasoning in Large Audio-Language Modelscited by 4
- 2026Are Audio-Language Models Listening? Audio-Specialist Heads for Adaptive Audio Steeringcited by 4
- 2026Beyond Text Following: Repairable Arbitration Reversals in Audio-Language Modelscited by 2
- 2026A Closer Look at Failure Modes in Temporal Understanding of Large Audio-Language Modelscited by 2
- 2026CAAD: Contrastive Audio-Aware Distillation for Efficient Speech Language Modelscited by 2
- 2026Learning to Prefer Reliably: Error-Augmented Emotion Preference Optimization with Calibrated Fusioncited by 1
- 2026When Demonstrations Fail: Diagnosing the Limits of In-Context Learning in Large Audio-Language Models with Progressive Cue Removalcited by 0
- 2026Leading-Silence Augmentation and Multi-Stage Synthetic Supervision for the Second MLC-SLM Challengecited by 0
- 2026Causal Localization of the Refusal Direction in Audio Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Same evidence, different judgments: Evidence noncommutative in vision/speech-text conflictscited by 0
- 2026AnchorPrompt: Self-Distilled Soft Prompts for Robust Audio-Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026EmoGavel: Grounding-Aware Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards for Multimodal Emotion Preference Learning9 Oct 2026
- 2026AnchorPrompt: Self-Distilled Soft Prompts for Robust Audio-Language Models30 Sep 2026
- 2026Same evidence, different judgments: Evidence noncommutative in vision/speech-text conflicts22 Sep 2026
- 2026Causal Localization of the Refusal Direction in Audio Language Models6 Sep 2026
- 2026Learning to Prefer Reliably: Error-Augmented Emotion Preference Optimization with Calibrated Fusion25 Aug 2026
- 2026Leading-Silence Augmentation and Multi-Stage Synthetic Supervision for the Second MLC-SLM Challenge14 Aug 2026
- 2026CAAD: Contrastive Audio-Aware Distillation for Efficient Speech Language Models22 Jun 2026
- 2026A Closer Look at Failure Modes in Temporal Understanding of Large Audio-Language Models16 Jun 2026
- 2026Beyond Text Following: Repairable Arbitration Reversals in Audio-Language Models3 Jun 2026
- 2026When Demonstrations Fail: Diagnosing the Limits of In-Context Learning in Large Audio-Language Models with Progressive Cue Removal20 Mar 2026
- 2026Are Audio-Language Models Listening? Audio-Specialist Heads for Adaptive Audio Steering6 Mar 2026
- 2026When Audio-LLMs Don't Listen: A Cross-Linguistic Study of Modality Arbitration12 Feb 2026
- 2026Are Audio-Language Models Listening? Audio-Specialist Heads for Adaptive Audio Steeringcited by 4
- 2026Learning to Prefer Reliably: Error-Augmented Emotion Preference Optimization with Calibrated Fusioncited by 1
- 2026Same evidence, different judgments: Evidence noncommutative in vision/speech-text conflictscited by 0
- 2026Same evidence, different judgments: Evidence noncommutative in vision/speech-text conflicts22 Sep 2026
- 2026Learning to Prefer Reliably: Error-Augmented Emotion Preference Optimization with Calibrated Fusion25 Aug 2026
- 2026Are Audio-Language Models Listening? Audio-Specialist Heads for Adaptive Audio Steering6 Mar 2026
- 2026When Audio-LLMs Don't Listen: A Cross-Linguistic Study of Modality Arbitrationcited by 5
- 2026Beyond Text Following: Repairable Arbitration Reversals in Audio-Language Modelscited by 2
- 2026When Demonstrations Fail: Diagnosing the Limits of In-Context Learning in Large Audio-Language Models with Progressive Cue Removalcited by 0
- 2026Leading-Silence Augmentation and Multi-Stage Synthetic Supervision for the Second MLC-SLM Challengecited by 0
- 2026Causal Localization of the Refusal Direction in Audio Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026AnchorPrompt: Self-Distilled Soft Prompts for Robust Audio-Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026AnchorPrompt: Self-Distilled Soft Prompts for Robust Audio-Language Models30 Sep 2026
- 2026Causal Localization of the Refusal Direction in Audio Language Models6 Sep 2026
- 2026Leading-Silence Augmentation and Multi-Stage Synthetic Supervision for the Second MLC-SLM Challenge14 Aug 2026
- 2026Beyond Text Following: Repairable Arbitration Reversals in Audio-Language Models3 Jun 2026
- 2026When Demonstrations Fail: Diagnosing the Limits of In-Context Learning in Large Audio-Language Models with Progressive Cue Removal20 Mar 2026
- 2026When Audio-LLMs Don't Listen: A Cross-Linguistic Study of Modality Arbitration12 Feb 2026