mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

A Unified Evaluation Framework for Multi-Annotator Tendency Learning

arXiv 2508.10393 ↗First posted 14 Aug 2025cs.LG cs.MMcited by 2

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Abstract (arXiv)

Recent works have emerged in multi-annotator learning that shift focus from Consensus-oriented Learning (CoL), which aggregates multiple annotations into a single ground-truth prediction, to Individual Tendency Learning (ITL), which models annotator-specific labeling behavior patterns (i.e., tendency) to provide explanation analysis for understanding annotator decisions. However, no evaluation framework currently exists to assess whether ITL methods truly capture individual tendencies and provide meaningful behavioral explanations. To address this gap, we propose the first unified evaluation framework with two novel metrics: (1) Difference of Inter-annotator Consistency (DIC) quantifies how well models capture annotator tendencies by comparing predicted inter-annotator similarity structures with ground-truth; (2) Behavior Alignment Explainability (BAE) evaluates how well model explanations reflect annotator behavior and decision relevance by aligning explainability-derived with ground-truth labeling similarity structures via Multidimensional Scaling (MDS). Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness of our proposed evaluation framework.

Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 13 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Aug 2025.

Builds on

13 of 45 references.

References · 13

  1. 2017Towards A Rigorous Science of Interpretable Machine Learningcited by 1,416
  2. 2019ERASER: A Benchmark to Evaluate Rationalized NLP Modelscited by 530
  3. 2019Learning From Noisy Labels By Regularized Estimation Of Annotator Confusioncited by 127
  4. 2023MER 2023: Multi-label Learning, Modality Robustness, and Semi-Supervised Learningcited by 33
  5. 2019Max-MIG: an Information Theoretic Approach for Joint Learning from Crowdscited by 26
  6. 2020D-LEMA: Deep Learning Ensembles from Multiple Annotations -- Application to Skin Lesion Segmentationcited by 16
  7. 2023Multi-annotator Deep Learning: A Probabilistic Framework for Classificationcited by 8
  8. 2023TAX: Tendency-and-Assignment Explainer for Semantic Segmentation with Multi-Annotatorscited by 3
  9. 2023Learning to Rank for Active Learning via Multi-Task Bilevel Optimizationcited by 3
  10. 2024MicroEmo: Time-Sensitive Multimodal Emotion Recognition with Micro-Expression Dynamics in Video Dialoguescited by 3
  11. 2021Learn2Agree: Fitting with Multiple Annotators without Objective Ground Truthcited by 2
  12. 2025QuMAB: Query-based Multi-Annotator Behavior Modeling with Reliability under Sparse Labelscited by 2
1 more
  1. 2025SimLabel: Similarity-Weighted Iterative Framework for Multi-annotator Learning with Missing Annotationscited by 1

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Citing papers per year: 2026: 2.

2 papers.