GaRAGe: A Benchmark with Grounding Annotations for RAG Evaluation
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present GaRAGe, a large RAG benchmark with human-curated long-form answers and annotations of each grounding passage, allowing a fine-grained evaluation of whether LLMs can identify relevant grounding when generating RAG answers. Our benchmark contains 2366 questions of diverse complexity, dynamism, and topics, and includes over 35K annotated passages retrieved from both private document sets and the Web, to reflect real-world RAG use cases. This makes it an ideal test bed to evaluate an LLM's ability to identify only the relevant information necessary to compose a response, or provide a deflective response when there is insufficient information. Evaluations of multiple state-of-the-art LLMs on GaRAGe show that the models tend to over-summarise rather than (a) ground their answers strictly on the annotated relevant passages (reaching at most a Relevance-Aware Factuality Score of 60%), or (b) deflect when no relevant grounding is available (reaching at most 31% true positive rate in deflections). The F1 in attribution to relevant sources is at most 58.9%, and we show that performance is particularly reduced when answering time-sensitive questions and when having to draw knowledge from sparser private grounding sources.
Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 19 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Jun 2025.
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19 of 32 references.
References · 19
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- 2023LLMs as Narcissistic Evaluators: When Ego Inflates Evaluation Scorescited by 90
- 2024Michelangelo: Long Context Evaluations Beyond Haystacks via Latent Structure Queriescited by 88
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- 2024Summary of a Haystack: A Challenge to Long-Context LLMs and RAG Systemscited by 87
- 2023RECALL: A Benchmark for LLMs Robustness against External Counterfactual Knowledgecited by 51
- 2024RAG-QA Arena: Evaluating Domain Robustness for Long-form Retrieval Augmented Question Answeringcited by 43
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 14.
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- 2026Beyond "I Don't Know": Evaluating LLM Self-Awareness in Discriminating Data and Model Uncertainty19 Apr 2026
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- 2026AIANO: Enhancing Information Retrieval with AI-Augmented Annotation4 Feb 2026
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- 2026NOVA: NOise-aware Verbal Confidence CAlibration for Robust Large Language Models in RAG Systems16 Jan 2026
- 2026Mind2Report: Expert-Level Commercial Report Synthesis via Cognitive Deep Research Agent8 Jan 2026
- 2025RAGVUE: A Diagnostic View for Explainable and Automated Evaluation of Retrieval-Augmented Generation3 Dec 2025
- 2025Citation Failure: Definition, Analysis and Efficient Mitigation23 Oct 2025
- 2025RefusalBench: Generative Evaluation of Selective Refusal in Grounded Language Models12 Oct 2025
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- 2026NOVA: NOise-aware Verbal Confidence CAlibration for Robust Large Language Models in RAG Systemscited by 6
- 2025Citation Failure: Definition, Analysis and Efficient Mitigationcited by 0
- 2025RAGVUE: A Diagnostic View for Explainable and Automated Evaluation of Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 0
- 2026AIANO: Enhancing Information Retrieval with AI-Augmented Annotationcited by 0
- 2026LFRAG: Layout-oriented Fine-grained Retrieval-Augmented Generation on Multimodal Document Understandingcited by 0
- 2026Eval-Pair Matrix: Answer-Paired Meta-Evaluation of LLM Judges for Grounded RAGcited by 0
- 2026Where Does Retrieval Fail? Evaluating RAG Architectures for Agricultural Advisorycited by 0
- 2026W-RAG: Source-Aware Retrieval for Enterprise Document Generation from Heterogeneous Knowledge Basescited by 0
- 2026Beyond Benchmark Scores: How Synthetic and Authentic Query Distributions Diverge in RAG Evaluationcited by 0
- 2026Beyond Benchmark Scores: How Synthetic and Authentic Query Distributions Diverge in RAG Evaluation13 Sep 2026
- 2026W-RAG: Source-Aware Retrieval for Enterprise Document Generation from Heterogeneous Knowledge Bases22 Aug 2026
- 2026Where Does Retrieval Fail? Evaluating RAG Architectures for Agricultural Advisory14 Aug 2026
- 2026Eval-Pair Matrix: Answer-Paired Meta-Evaluation of LLM Judges for Grounded RAG12 Jul 2026
- 2026LFRAG: Layout-oriented Fine-grained Retrieval-Augmented Generation on Multimodal Document Understanding18 Apr 2026
- 2026AIANO: Enhancing Information Retrieval with AI-Augmented Annotation4 Feb 2026
- 2026NOVA: NOise-aware Verbal Confidence CAlibration for Robust Large Language Models in RAG Systems16 Jan 2026
- 2025RAGVUE: A Diagnostic View for Explainable and Automated Evaluation of Retrieval-Augmented Generation3 Dec 2025
- 2025Citation Failure: Definition, Analysis and Efficient Mitigation23 Oct 2025
- 2025RefusalBench: Generative Evaluation of Selective Refusal in Grounded Language Models12 Oct 2025
- 2026Relevant Is Not Warranted: Evidence-Force Calibration for Cited RAGcited by 14
- 2025Memory in Large Language Models: Mechanisms, Evaluation and Evolutioncited by 8
- 2026Beyond "I Don't Know": Evaluating LLM Self-Awareness in Discriminating Data and Model Uncertaintycited by 2
- 2026Who is the richest club in the championship? Detecting and Rewriting Underspecified Questions Improve QA Performancecited by 1
- 2026EnterpriseRAG: Benchmarking LLM Instruction Adherence and Robustness under Non-Ideal Enterprise Retrievalcited by 0
- 2026EnterpriseRAG: Benchmarking LLM Instruction Adherence and Robustness under Non-Ideal Enterprise Retrieval12 Aug 2026
- 2026Relevant Is Not Warranted: Evidence-Force Calibration for Cited RAG27 May 2026
- 2026Beyond "I Don't Know": Evaluating LLM Self-Awareness in Discriminating Data and Model Uncertainty19 Apr 2026
- 2026Who is the richest club in the championship? Detecting and Rewriting Underspecified Questions Improve QA Performance12 Feb 2026
- 2025Memory in Large Language Models: Mechanisms, Evaluation and Evolution23 Sep 2025
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