Mixture of Small and Large Models for Chinese Spelling Check
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
In the era of large language models (LLMs), the Chinese Spelling Check (CSC) task has seen various LLM methods developed, yet their performance remains unsatisfactory. In contrast, fine-tuned BERT-based models, relying on high-quality in-domain data, show excellent performance but suffer from edit pattern overfitting. This paper proposes a novel dynamic mixture approach that effectively combines the probability distributions of small models and LLMs during the beam search decoding phase, achieving a balanced enhancement of precise corrections from small models and the fluency of LLMs. This approach also eliminates the need for fine-tuning LLMs, saving significant time and resources, and facilitating domain adaptation. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that our mixture approach significantly boosts error correction capabilities, achieving state-of-the-art results across multiple datasets. Our code is available at https://github.com/zhqiao-nlp/MSLLM.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 15 of its 30 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Jun 2025.
Builds on
15 of 30 references.
References · 15
- 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,399
- 2024InternLM2 Technical Reportcited by 397
- 2020Spelling Error Correction with Soft-Masked BERTcited by 90
- 2023On the (In)Effectiveness of Large Language Models for Chinese Text Correctioncited by 54
- 2021Read, Listen, and See: Leveraging Multimodal Information Helps Chinese Spell Checkingcited by 52
- 2023Rethinking Masked Language Modeling for Chinese Spelling Correctioncited by 19
- 2023Chinese Spelling Correction as Rephrasing Language Modelcited by 15
- 2023A Frustratingly Easy Plug-and-Play Detection-and-Reasoning Module for Chinese Spelling Checkcited by 15
- 2023Disentangled Phonetic Representation for Chinese Spelling Correctioncited by 14
- 2022CSCD-NS: a Chinese Spelling Check Dataset for Native Speakerscited by 13
- 2024C-LLM: Learn to Check Chinese Spelling Errors Character by Charactercited by 12
- 2022MCSCSet: A Specialist-annotated Dataset for Medical-domain Chinese Spelling Correctioncited by 8
3 more
- 2023Improving Seq2Seq Grammatical Error Correction via Decoding Interventionscited by 8
- 2024Rich Semantic Knowledge Enhanced Large Language Models for Few-shot Chinese Spell Checkingcited by 7
- 2024A Simple yet Effective Training-free Prompt-free Approach to Chinese Spelling Correction Based on Large Language Modelscited by 7
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 2.
5 papers.
- 2025A Survey on Collaborating Small and Large Language Models for Performance, Cost-effectiveness, Cloud-edge Privacy, and Trustworthinesscited by 7
- 2025Vision Language Models Are Not (Yet) Spelling Correctorscited by 1
- 2025LMSpell: Spell Correction with Pre-Trained Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026CSRP: Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Chinese Text Correction via Reinforcement Learning with Efficiency-Aware Rewardscited by 0
- 2026ReViCo: Unveiling the Limitations of VLMs in Visual Text Understanding via Error Correctioncited by 0
- 2026ReViCo: Unveiling the Limitations of VLMs in Visual Text Understanding via Error Correction27 Aug 2026
- 2026CSRP: Chain-of-Thought Reasoning for Chinese Text Correction via Reinforcement Learning with Efficiency-Aware Rewards14 Apr 2026
- 2025LMSpell: Spell Correction with Pre-Trained Language Models5 Dec 2025
- 2025A Survey on Collaborating Small and Large Language Models for Performance, Cost-effectiveness, Cloud-edge Privacy, and Trustworthiness14 Oct 2025
- 2025Vision Language Models Are Not (Yet) Spelling Correctors22 Sep 2025