DynamicMind: A Tri-Mode Thinking System for Large Language Models
On the map: LLM reasoning → Reasoning benchmarks and evaluation
Abstract (arXiv)
Modern large language models (LLMs) often struggle to dynamically adapt their reasoning depth to varying task complexities, leading to suboptimal performance or inefficient resource utilization. To address this, we introduce DynamicMind, a novel tri-mode thinking system. DynamicMind empowers LLMs to autonomously select between Fast, Normal, and Slow thinking modes for zero-shot question answering (ZSQA) tasks through cognitive-inspired prompt engineering. Our framework's core innovations include: (1) expanding the established dual-process framework of fast and slow thinking into a tri-mode thinking system involving a normal thinking mode to preserve the intrinsic capabilities of LLM; (2) proposing the Thinking Density metric, which aligns computational resource allocation with problem complexity; and (3) developing the Thinking Mode Capacity (TMC) dataset and a lightweight Mind Router to predict the optimal thinking mode. Extensive experiments across diverse mathematical, commonsense, and scientific QA benchmarks demonstrate that DynamicMind achieves superior ZSQA capabilities while establishing an effective trade-off between performance and computational efficiency.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reasoning benchmarks and evaluation, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 19 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Jun 2025.
Builds on
19 of 42 references.
Closest ancestors · 2
Same direction, newest first
- 2024DeepSeek-V3 Technical Report27 Dec
- 2021Show Your Work: Scratchpads for Intermediate Computation with Language Models30 Nov
Other references · 17
- 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,192
- 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 9,743
- 2019Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networkscited by 9,049
- 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,146
- 2022Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 5,601
- 2024Qwen2.5 Technical Reportcited by 4,713
- 2018Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challengecited by 4,710
- 2024Do NOT Think That Much for 2+3=? On the Overthinking of o1-Like LLMscited by 564
- 2025Stop Overthinking: A Survey on Efficient Reasoning for Large Language Modelscited by 456
- 2025rStar-Math: Small LLMs Can Master Math Reasoning with Self-Evolved Deep Thinkingcited by 308
- 2024Token-Budget-Aware LLM Reasoningcited by 242
- 2025When More is Less: Understanding Chain-of-Thought Length in LLMscited by 182
5 more
- 2025DAST: Difficulty-Adaptive Slow-Thinking for Large Reasoning Modelscited by 154
- 2025A Survey of Efficient Reasoning for Large Reasoning Models: Language, Multimodality, and Beyondcited by 131
- 2024Dualformer: Controllable Fast and Slow Thinking by Learning with Randomized Reasoning Tracescited by 40
- 2019SocialIQA: Commonsense Reasoning about Social Interactionscited by 33
- 2024DynaThink: Fast or Slow? A Dynamic Decision-Making Framework for Large Language Modelscited by 20
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 2.
5 papers.
- 2025On the Provable Performance Guarantee of Efficient Reasoning Modelscited by 6
- 2025The Zero-Step Thinking: An Empirical Study of Mode Selection as Harder Early Exit in Reasoning Modelscited by 4
- 2025Explicit Reasoning Makes Better Judges: A Systematic Study on Accuracy, Efficiency, and Robustnesscited by 3
- 2026Anytime Safe PAC Efficient Reasoningcited by 1
- 2026ADaPT: Token-Level Decoupling for Efficient Large Reasoning Modelscited by 0
- 2026ADaPT: Token-Level Decoupling for Efficient Large Reasoning Models18 Jun 2026
- 2026Anytime Safe PAC Efficient Reasoning30 Jan 2026
- 2025The Zero-Step Thinking: An Empirical Study of Mode Selection as Harder Early Exit in Reasoning Models22 Oct 2025
- 2025On the Provable Performance Guarantee of Efficient Reasoning Models10 Oct 2025
- 2025Explicit Reasoning Makes Better Judges: A Systematic Study on Accuracy, Efficiency, and Robustness9 Sep 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025T2: An Adaptive Test-Time Scaling Strategy for Contextual Question Answering
- 2024Unlocking Structured Thinking in Language Models with Cognitive Prompting
- 2025THiNK: Can Large Language Models Think-aloud?
- 2026FutureMind: Equipping Small Language Models with Strategic Thinking-Pattern Priors via Adaptive Knowledge Distillation
- 2025Don't Think Longer, Think Wisely: Optimizing Thinking Dynamics for Large Reasoning Models
- 2025Learning to Think Fast and Slow for Visual Language Models
- 2025Thinking Before You Speak: A Proactive Test-time Scaling Approach
- 2025Thinker: Learning to Think Fast and Slow