Implicit Inversion turns CLIP into a Decoder
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
CLIP is a discriminative model trained to align images and text in a shared embedding space. Due to its multimodal structure, it serves as the backbone of many generative pipelines, where a decoder is trained to map from the shared space back to images. In this work, we show that image synthesis is nevertheless possible using CLIP alone -- without any decoder, training, or fine-tuning. Our approach optimizes a frequency-aware implicit neural representation that encourages coarse-to-fine generation by stratifying frequencies across network layers. To stabilize this inverse mapping, we introduce adversarially robust initialization, a lightweight Orthogonal Procrustes projection to align local text and image embeddings, and a blending loss that anchors outputs to natural image statistics. Without altering CLIP's weights, this framework unlocks capabilities such as text-to-image generation, style transfer, and image reconstruction. These findings suggest that discriminative models may hold untapped generative potential, hidden in plain sight.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 32 of its 38 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 May 2025.
Builds on
32 of 38 references.
References · 32
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- 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understandingcited by 6,355
- 2024Scaling Rectified Flow Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,181
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- 2018Large Scale GAN Training for High Fidelity Natural Image Synthesiscited by 2,626
- 2021CLIPScore: A Reference-free Evaluation Metric for Image Captioningcited by 2,424
20 more
- 2020Implicit Neural Representations with Periodic Activation Functionscited by 2,238
- 2020Fourier Features Let Networks Learn High Frequency Functions in Low Dimensional Domainscited by 2,200
- 2015Unsupervised Representation Learning with Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 2,054
- 2018Glow: Generative Flow with Invertible 1x1 Convolutionscited by 1,545
- 2019Theoretically Principled Trade-off between Robustness and Accuracycited by 1,517
- 2023Muse: Text-To-Image Generation via Masked Generative Transformerscited by 648
- 2022Mind the Gap: Understanding the Modality Gap in Multi-modal Contrastive Representation Learningcited by 561
- 2023StyleGAN-T: Unlocking the Power of GANs for Fast Large-Scale Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 212
- 2021CLIPDraw: Exploring Text-to-Drawing Synthesis through Language-Image Encoderscited by 187
- 2022Measuring Forgetting of Memorized Training Examplescited by 118
- 2023FINER: Flexible spectral-bias tuning in Implicit NEural Representation by Variable-periodic Activation Functionscited by 78
- 2022CLIP-GEN: Language-Free Training of a Text-to-Image Generator with CLIPcited by 60
- 2023Decoupled Kullback-Leibler Divergence Losscited by 58
- 2023Latent Space Translation via Semantic Alignmentcited by 52
- 2025Cross the Gap: Exposing the Intra-modal Misalignment in CLIP via Modality Inversioncited by 43
- 2022Do Perceptually Aligned Gradients Imply Adversarial Robustness?cited by 15
- 2024What do we learn from inverting CLIP models?cited by 13
- 2024Shedding More Light on Robust Classifiers under the lens of Energy-based Modelscited by 9
- 2025Direct Ascent Synthesis: Revealing Hidden Generative Capabilities in Discriminative Modelscited by 8
- 2024Text-to-Image Generation Via Energy-Based CLIPcited by 3
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 2.
4 papers.
- 2025Feature Space Analysis by Guided Diffusion Modelcited by 0
- 2025TRANSPORTER: Transferring Visual Semantics from VLM Manifoldscited by 0
- 2026WeightCLIP: Aligning Datasets and Models for Weight Space Learningcited by 0
- 2026Generative Embedding Benchmark: How Much Information Survives in a Dense Embedding?cited by 0
- 2026Generative Embedding Benchmark: How Much Information Survives in a Dense Embedding?7 Aug 2026
- 2026WeightCLIP: Aligning Datasets and Models for Weight Space Learning3 Jul 2026
- 2025TRANSPORTER: Transferring Visual Semantics from VLM Manifolds23 Nov 2025
- 2025Feature Space Analysis by Guided Diffusion Model9 Sep 2025