mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

PATS: Process-Level Adaptive Thinking Mode Switching

arXiv 2505.19250 ↗First posted 25 May 2025cs.CLcited by 6

On the map: LLM reasoning → Test-time compute and efficient thinking

Abstract (arXiv)

Current large-language models (LLMs) typically adopt a fixed reasoning strategy, either simple or complex, for all questions, regardless of their difficulty. This neglect of variation in task and reasoning process complexity leads to an imbalance between performance and efficiency. Existing methods attempt to implement training-free fast-slow thinking system switching to handle problems of varying difficulty, but are limited by coarse-grained solution-level strategy adjustments. To address this issue, we propose a novel reasoning paradigm: Process-Level Adaptive Thinking Mode Switching (PATS), which enables LLMs to dynamically adjust their reasoning strategy based on the difficulty of each step, optimizing the balance between accuracy and computational efficiency. Our approach integrates Process Reward Models (PRMs) with Beam Search, incorporating progressive mode switching and bad-step penalty mechanisms. Experiments on diverse mathematical benchmarks demonstrate that our methodology achieves high accuracy while maintaining moderate token usage. This study emphasizes the significance of process-level, difficulty-aware reasoning strategy adaptation, offering valuable insights into efficient inference for LLMs.

Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Test-time compute and efficient thinking, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 24 of its 31 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 May 2025.

Builds on

24 of 31 references.

Closest ancestors · 5

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025Don't Get Lost in the Trees: Streamlining LLM Reasoning by Overcoming Tree Search Exploration Pitfalls16 Feb
  2. 2025CoT-Valve: Length-Compressible Chain-of-Thought Tuning13 Feb
  3. 2024Do NOT Think That Much for 2+3=? On the Overthinking of o1-Like LLMs30 Dec
  4. 2024Efficiently Scaling LLM Reasoning with Certaindex30 Dec
  5. 2024Scaling LLM Test-Time Compute Optimally can be More Effective than Scaling Model Parameters6 Aug

Other references · 19

  1. 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 10,109
  2. 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,330
  3. 2024Qwen2.5 Technical Reportcited by 4,942
  4. 2024OpenAI o1 System Cardcited by 1,244
  5. 2024Qwen2.5-Math Technical Report: Toward Mathematical Expert Model via Self-Improvementcited by 1,090
  6. 2023Math-Shepherd: Verify and Reinforce LLMs Step-by-step without Human Annotationscited by 928
  7. 2022Solving math word problems with process- and outcome-based feedbackcited by 901
  8. 2025From System 1 to System 2: A Survey of Reasoning Large Language Modelscited by 320
  9. 2024ProcessBench: Identifying Process Errors in Mathematical Reasoningcited by 292
  10. 2024Fast Best-of-N Decoding via Speculative Rejectioncited by 112
  11. 2024EDT: Improving Large Language Models' Generation by Entropy-based Dynamic Temperature Samplingcited by 45
  12. 2024MindStar: Enhancing Math Reasoning in Pre-trained LLMs at Inference Timecited by 41
7 more
  1. 2025R-PRM: Reasoning-Driven Process Reward Modelingcited by 38
  2. 2024System-1.x: Learning to Balance Fast and Slow Planning with Language Modelscited by 35
  3. 2024LiteSearch: Efficacious Tree Search for LLMcited by 31
  4. 2025Think More, Hallucinate Less: Mitigating Hallucinations via Dual Process of Fast and Slow Thinkingcited by 31
  5. 2025Process-based Self-Rewarding Language Modelscited by 22
  6. 2025Climbing the Ladder of Reasoning: What LLMs Can-and Still Can't-Solve after SFT?cited by 21
  7. 2024HDFlow: Enhancing LLM Complex Problem-Solving with Hybrid Thinking and Dynamic Workflowscited by 13

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 4.

6 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026HRBench: Benchmarking and Understanding Thinking-Mode Switch Strategies in Hybrid-Reasoning LLMs
  2. 2025From Efficiency to Adaptivity: A Deeper Look at Adaptive Reasoning in Large Language Models
  3. 2026ADaPT: Token-Level Decoupling for Efficient Large Reasoning Models
  4. 2025Fast, Slow, and Tool-augmented Thinking for LLMs: A Review
  5. 2025Reasoning on a Budget: A Survey of Adaptive and Controllable Test-Time Compute in LLMs
  6. 2025When to Continue Thinking: Adaptive Thinking Mode Switching for Efficient Reasoning
  7. 2025OThink-R1: Intrinsic Fast/Slow Thinking Mode Switching for Over-Reasoning Mitigation
  8. 2025Incentivizing Dual Process Thinking for Efficient Large Language Model Reasoning