Fair-PP: A Synthetic Dataset for Aligning LLM with Personalized Preferences of Social Equity
On the map: LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation → Human values and AI feedback alignment
also in 1 more
Abstract (arXiv)
Human preference plays a crucial role in the refinement of large language models (LLMs). However, collecting human preference feedback is costly and most existing datasets neglect the correlation between personalization and preferences. To address this issue, we introduce Fair-PP, a synthetic dataset of personalized preferences targeting social equity, derived from real-world social survey data, which includes 28 social groups, 98 equity topics, and 5 personal preference dimensions. Leveraging GPT-4o-mini, we engage in role-playing based on seven representative persona portrayals guided by existing social survey data, yielding a total of 238,623 preference records. Through Fair-PP, we also contribute (i) An automated framework for generating preference data, along with a more fine-grained dataset of personalized preferences; (ii) analysis of the positioning of the existing mainstream LLMs across five major global regions within the personalized preference space; and (iii) a sample reweighting method for personalized preference alignment, enabling alignment with a target persona while maximizing the divergence from other personas. Empirical experiments show our method outperforms the baselines.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Human values and AI feedback alignment, one of 10 directions in LLM alignment / RLHF / preference optimisation. Builds on 27 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 May 2025.
Builds on
27 of 43 references.
Closest ancestors · 7
Same direction, newest first
- 2025Whose Boat Does it Float? Improving Personalization in Preference Tuning via Inferred User Personas20 Jan
- 2024Modular Pluralism: Pluralistic Alignment via Multi-LLM Collaboration22 Jun
- 2024The PRISM Alignment Dataset: What Participatory, Representative and Individualised Human Feedback Reveals About the Subjective and Multicultural Alignment of Large Language Models24 Apr
- 2024Investigating Cultural Alignment of Large Language Models20 Feb
- 2023Cultural Bias and Cultural Alignment of Large Language Models23 Nov
- 2023UltraFeedback: Boosting Language Models with Scaled AI Feedback2 Oct
- 2023AlpacaFarm: A Simulation Framework for Methods that Learn from Human Feedback22 May
Other references · 20
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
- 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,715
- 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Modelcited by 8,065
- 2024Qwen2.5 Technical Reportcited by 4,942
- 2017Deep reinforcement learning from human preferencescited by 3,912
- 2022Training a Helpful and Harmless Assistant with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedbackcited by 3,720
- 2019Fine-Tuning Language Models from Human Preferencescited by 2,150
- 2023BeaverTails: Towards Improved Safety Alignment of LLM via a Human-Preference Datasetcited by 860
- 2023Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?cited by 773
- 2024Safety Alignment Should Be Made More Than Just a Few Tokens Deepcited by 472
- 2023Towards Measuring the Representation of Subjective Global Opinions in Language Modelscited by 437
- 2024Interpretable Preferences via Multi-Objective Reward Modeling and Mixture-of-Expertscited by 376
8 more
- 2023Value Kaleidoscope: Engaging AI with Pluralistic Human Values, Rights, and Dutiescited by 97
- 2024Group Robust Preference Optimization in Reward-free RLHFcited by 95
- 2024Lisa: Lazy Safety Alignment for Large Language Models against Harmful Fine-tuning Attackcited by 92
- 2024WorldValuesBench: A Large-Scale Benchmark Dataset for Multi-Cultural Value Awareness of Language Modelscited by 60
- 2024CultureLLM: Incorporating Cultural Differences into Large Language Modelscited by 50
- 2024NormAd: A Framework for Measuring the Cultural Adaptability of Large Language Modelscited by 48
- 2025SEA-LION: Southeast Asian Languages in One Networkcited by 22
- 2024SafeWorld: Geo-Diverse Safety Alignmentcited by 11
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 2.
4 papers.
- 2025Prompts to Proxies: Emulating Human Preferences via a Compact LLM Ensemblecited by 2
- 2025AlignSurvey: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Human Preferences Alignment in Social Surveyscited by 2
- 2026Reward Shaping for (Inference-Time) Alignment: A Stackelberg Game Perspectivecited by 2
- 2026A Survey of Reinforcement Learning for Large Language Models under Data Scarcity: Challenges and Solutionscited by 0
- 2026A Survey of Reinforcement Learning for Large Language Models under Data Scarcity: Challenges and Solutions19 Apr 2026
- 2026Reward Shaping for (Inference-Time) Alignment: A Stackelberg Game Perspective31 Jan 2026
- 2025AlignSurvey: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Human Preferences Alignment in Social Surveys11 Nov 2025
- 2025Prompts to Proxies: Emulating Human Preferences via a Compact LLM Ensemble14 Sep 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2024PersonalLLM: Tailoring LLMs to Individual Preferences
- 2024Aligning LLMs with Individual Preferences via Interaction
- 2024Disentangling Preference Representation and Text Generation for Efficient Individual Preference Alignment
- 2025From 1,000,000 Users to Every User: Scaling Up Personalized Preference for User-level Alignment
- 2026Large Language Models Should Learn Personalized Rather Than Aggregated Human Preferences
- 2025Is Active Persona Inference Necessary for Aligning Small Models to Personal Preferences?
- 2024PERSONA: A Reproducible Testbed for Pluralistic Alignment
- 2025German General Social Survey Personas: A Survey-Derived Persona Prompt Collection for Population-Aligned LLM Studies