mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Web-Bench: A LLM Code Benchmark Based on Web Standards and Frameworks

arXiv 2505.07473 ↗First posted 12 May 2025cs.AIcited by 40

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → Software engineering coding agents

Abstract (arXiv)

The application of large language models (LLMs) in the field of coding is evolving rapidly: from code assistants, to autonomous coding agents, and then to generating complete projects through natural language. Early LLM code benchmarks primarily focused on code generation accuracy, but these benchmarks have gradually become saturated. Benchmark saturation weakens their guiding role for LLMs. For example, HumanEval Pass@1 has reached 99.4% and MBPP 94.2%. Among various attempts to address benchmark saturation, approaches based on software engineering have stood out, but the saturation of existing software engineering benchmarks is rapidly increasing. To address this, we propose a new benchmark, Web-Bench, which contains 50 projects, each consisting of 20 tasks with sequential dependencies. The tasks implement project features in sequence, simulating real-world human development workflows. When designing Web-Bench, we aim to cover the foundational elements of Web development: Web Standards and Web Frameworks. Given the scale and complexity of these projects, which were designed by engineers with 5 to 10 years of experience, each presents a significant challenge. On average, a single project takes 4 to 8 hours for a senior engineer to complete. On our given benchmark agent (Web-Agent), SOTA (Claude 3.7 Sonnet) achieves only 25.1% Pass@1, significantly lower (better) than SWE-Bench's Verified (65.4%) and Full (33.8%) scores. Finally, we discuss that in any development field, Standards and Frameworks represent foundational knowledge and efficiency tools, respectively, and LLMs require optimization tailored to them.

Key facts. Cited by 40 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Software engineering coding agents, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 19 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 May 2025.

Builds on

19 of 32 references.

Closest ancestors · 2

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025QualityFlow: An Agentic Workflow for Program Synthesis Controlled by LLM Quality Checks20 Jan
  2. 2024SWE-agent: Agent-Computer Interfaces Enable Automated Software Engineering6 May

Other references · 17

  1. 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,320
  2. 2021Program Synthesis with Large Language Modelscited by 3,637
  3. 2023SWE-bench: Can Language Models Resolve Real-World GitHub Issues?cited by 3,373
  4. 2022Competition-Level Code Generation with AlphaCodecited by 1,462
  5. 2023Is Your Code Generated by ChatGPT Really Correct? Rigorous Evaluation of Large Language Models for Code Generationcited by 1,391
  6. 2021Measuring Coding Challenge Competence With APPScited by 902
  7. 2021CodeXGLUE: A Machine Learning Benchmark Dataset for Code Understanding and Generationcited by 744
  8. 2024BigCodeBench: Benchmarking Code Generation with Diverse Function Calls and Complex Instructionscited by 546
  9. 2024MLE-bench: Evaluating Machine Learning Agents on Machine Learning Engineeringcited by 469
  10. 2022DS-1000: A Natural and Reliable Benchmark for Data Science Code Generationcited by 452
  11. 2023RepoBench: Benchmarking Repository-Level Code Auto-Completion Systemscited by 353
  12. 2023CodeGeeX: A Pre-Trained Model for Code Generation with Multilingual Benchmarking on HumanEval-Xcited by 300
5 more
  1. 2023OctoPack: Instruction Tuning Code Large Language Modelscited by 189
  2. 2022GitHub Copilot AI pair programmer: Asset or Liability?cited by 152
  3. 2024Debug like a Human: A Large Language Model Debugger via Verifying Runtime Execution Step-by-stepcited by 127
  4. 2025LLMs as Planning Formalizers: A Survey for Leveraging Large Language Models to Construct Automated Planning Modelscited by 38
  5. 2024Planning-Driven Programming: A Large Language Model Programming Workflowcited by 7

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 15; 2026: 25.

40 papers.

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  1. 2025Vibe Coding vs. Agentic Coding: Fundamentals and Practical Implications of Agentic AIcited by 42
  2. 2025ArtifactsBench: Bridging the Visual-Interactive Gap in LLM Code Generation Evaluationcited by 42
  3. 2025AI Agentic Programming: A Survey of Techniques, Challenges, and Opportunitiescited by 28
  4. 2026WebCoderBench: Benchmarking Web Application Generation with Comprehensive and Interpretable Evaluation Metricscited by 18
  5. 2025WebGen-Agent: Enhancing Interactive Website Generation with Multi-Level Feedback and Step-Level Reinforcement Learningcited by 15
  6. 2025From Code Foundation Models to Agents and Applications: A Comprehensive Survey and Practical Guide to Code Intelligencecited by 15
  7. 2025ReLook: Vision-Grounded RL with a Multimodal LLM Critic for Agentic Web Codingcited by 14
  8. 2026HealthAdminBench: Evaluating Computer-Use Agents on Healthcare Administration Taskscited by 13
  9. 2025You Don't Know Until You Click:Automated GUI Testing for Production-Ready Software Evaluationcited by 12
  10. 2025IWR-Bench: Can LVLMs reconstruct interactive webpage from a user interaction video?cited by 12
  11. 2026DevOps-Gym: Benchmarking AI Agents in Software DevOps Cyclecited by 11
  12. 2026WorldCoder-Bench: Benchmarking Physically Grounded 3D World Synthesiscited by 9
28 more
  1. 2026MiniAppBench: Evaluating the Shift from Text to Interactive HTML Responses in LLM-Powered Assistantscited by 8
  2. 2026WebVR: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs for WebPage Recreation from Videos via Human-Aligned Visual Rubricscited by 8
  3. 2026WebCompass: Towards Multimodal Web Coding Evaluation for Code Language Modelscited by 6
  4. 2026Beyond NL2Code: A Structured Survey of Multimodal Code Intelligencecited by 6
  5. 2025CATArena: Evaluating Evolutionary Capabilities of Code Agents via Iterative Tournamentscited by 5
  6. 2025AppForge: From Assistant to Independent Developer -- Are GPTs Ready for Software Development?cited by 4
  7. 2026RealChart2Code: Advancing Chart-to-Code Generation with Real Data and Multi-Task Evaluationcited by 4
  8. 2026Asuka-Bench: Benchmarking Code Agents on Underspecified User Intent and Multi-Round Refinementcited by 4
  9. 2025Code2Bench: Scaling Source and Rigor for Dynamic Benchmark Constructioncited by 3
  10. 2025WebGen-V Bench: Structured Representation for Enhancing Visual Design in LLM-based Web Generation and Evaluationcited by 3
  11. 2026Cookie-Bench: Continuous On-screen Key Interaction Evaluation for Web Generationcited by 3
  12. 2026I-WebGenBench : Evaluating Interactivity in LLM-Generated Scientific Web Applicationscited by 3
  13. 2026MIRROR: A Multi-Agent Framework with Iterative Adaptive Revision and Hierarchical Retrieval for Optimization Modeling in Operations Researchcited by 2
  14. 2026FullStack-Agent: Enhancing Agentic Full-Stack Web Coding via Development-Oriented Testing and Repository Back-Translationcited by 2
  15. 2026PerfCodeBench: Benchmarking LLMs for System-Level High-Performance Code Optimizationcited by 2
  16. 2025A Multimodal GUI Architecture for Interfacing with LLM-Based Conversational Assistantscited by 1
  17. 2026Coding with Eyes: Visual Feedback Unlocks Reliable GUI Code Generating and Debuggingcited by 1
  18. 2026Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs on Code Generation for Complex Interactive Webpagescited by 1
  19. 2026LiveEvalBench: Toward Open-World Evaluation for Web Generationcited by 1
  20. 2026Signal or Noise? A Benchmark Study of Agent Skills in Web Developmentcited by 1
  21. 2026KC-Bench: A Dynamic Interactive Benchmark for Evaluating Knowledge Conflicts in LLM Agentscited by 1
  22. 2025CrossPL: Evaluating Large Language Models on Cross Programming Language Code Generationcited by 0
  23. 2025Testing chatbots on the creation of encoders for audio conditioned image generationcited by 0
  24. 2026BLAST: Benchmarking LLMs with ASP-based Structured Testingcited by 0
  25. 2026WebCraftBench: Evaluating Web Application Generation from a Software Testing Perspectivecited by 0
  26. 2026WatchPoint: Executable User Feedback for Real-World Agentic Web Developmentcited by 0
  27. 2026TeleGen: Improving LLM-Based Web Application Generation via Runtime Telemetrycited by 0
  28. 2026EvoWeb: A Benchmark for Coding Agents on Evolving Web Applicationscited by 0

Similar, not cited

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  1. 2025Beyond Synthetic Benchmarks: Evaluating LLM Performance on Real-World Class-Level Code Generation
  2. 2026CangjieBench: Benchmarking LLMs on a Low-Resource General-Purpose Programming Language
  3. 2026Narrowing the Complexity Gap in the Evaluation of Large Language Models ↗
  4. 2024LiveCodeBench: Holistic and Contamination Free Evaluation of Large Language Models for Code
  5. 2026Rethinking Code Performance Benchmarks for LLMs
  6. 2025CodeJudgeBench: Benchmarking LLM-as-a-Judge for Coding Tasks
  7. 2026CodeGolf Bench: A Multi-Language Benchmark for Evaluating Concise Code Generation Capabilities of Large Language Models
  8. 2025Holistic Evaluation of State-of-the-Art LLMs for Code Generation