REFINE-AF: A Task-Agnostic Framework to Align Language Models via Self-Generated Instructions using Reinforcement Learning from Automated Feedback
On the map: Synthetic data and self-improvement for LLMs → Code and instruction data synthesis
Abstract (arXiv)
Instruction-based Large Language Models (LLMs) have proven effective in numerous few-shot or zero-shot Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, creating human-annotated instruction data is time-consuming, expensive, and often limited in quantity and task diversity. Previous research endeavors have attempted to address this challenge by proposing frameworks capable of generating instructions in a semi-automated and task-agnostic manner directly from the model itself. Many of these efforts have relied on large API-only parameter-based models such as GPT-3.5 (175B), which are expensive, and subject to limits on a number of queries. This paper explores the performance of three open-source small LLMs such as LLaMA 2-7B, LLama 2-13B, and Mistral 7B, using a semi-automated framework, thereby reducing human intervention, effort, and cost required to generate an instruction dataset for fine-tuning LLMs. Furthermore, we demonstrate that incorporating a Reinforcement Learning (RL) based training algorithm into this LLMs-based framework leads to further enhancements. Our evaluation of the dataset reveals that these RL-based frameworks achieve a substantial improvements in 63-66% of the tasks compared to previous approaches.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Code and instruction data synthesis, one of 13 directions in Synthetic data and self-improvement for LLMs. Builds on 25 of its 30 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 May 2025.
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- 2021Cross-Task Generalization via Natural Language Crowdsourcing Instructionscited by 699
- 2022Large Language Models Can Self-Improvecited by 664
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- 2022Instruction Induction: From Few Examples to Natural Language Task Descriptionscited by 152
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- 2023LongForm: Effective Instruction Tuning with Reverse Instructionscited by 47
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.
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