mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

CM1 -- A Dataset for Evaluating Few-Shot Information Extraction with Large Vision Language Models

arXiv 2505.04214 ↗First posted 7 May 2025cs.CVcited by 3

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → Document understanding and multimodal RAG

Abstract (arXiv)

The automatic extraction of key-value information from handwritten documents is a key challenge in document analysis. A reliable extraction is a prerequisite for the mass digitization efforts of many archives. Large Vision Language Models (LVLM) are a promising technology to tackle this problem especially in scenarios where little annotated training data is available. In this work, we present a novel dataset specifically designed to evaluate the few-shot capabilities of LVLMs. The CM1 documents are a historic collection of forms with handwritten entries created in Europe to administer the Care and Maintenance program after World War Two. The dataset establishes three benchmarks on extracting name and birthdate information and, furthermore, considers different training set sizes. We provide baseline results for two different LVLMs and compare performances to an established full-page extraction model. While the traditional full-page model achieves highly competitive performances, our experiments show that when only a few training samples are available the considered LVLMs benefit from their size and heavy pretraining and outperform the classical approach.

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Document understanding and multimodal RAG, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 21 of its 28 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 May 2025.

Builds on

21 of 28 references.

References · 21

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
  2. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 37,240
  3. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,419
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  12. 2024Gemma: Open Models Based on Gemini Research and Technologycited by 916
9 more
  1. 2023A Survey on Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 909
  2. 2024PaliGemma: A versatile 3B VLM for transfercited by 696
  3. 2021OCR-free Document Understanding Transformercited by 407
  4. 2022Pix2Struct: Screenshot Parsing as Pretraining for Visual Language Understandingcited by 366
  5. 2023Patch n' Pack: NaViT, a Vision Transformer for any Aspect Ratio and Resolutioncited by 229
  6. 2022End-to-end Document Recognition and Understanding with Dessurtcited by 73
  7. 2022DAN: a Segmentation-free Document Attention Network for Handwritten Document Recognitioncited by 62
  8. 2023Key-value information extraction from full handwritten pagescited by 9
  9. 2023Large Scale Genealogical Information Extraction From Handwritten Quebec Parish Recordscited by 4

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 2.

3 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Multimodal LLMs for OCR, OCR Post-Correction, and Named Entity Recognition in Historical Documents
  2. 2026From Pixels to Structure: Lightweight Vision-Language Models for Document OCR and Structured JSON Extraction
  3. 2026Visual Information Extraction from Documents via Classification-Guided Large Vision-Language Models
  4. 2026OCR or Not? Rethinking Document Information Extraction in the MLLMs Era with Real-World Large-Scale Datasets
  5. 2026When Low CER is Not Enough: An Analysis of Hallucinations in Vision-Language OCR Systems on Historical Uruguayan Documents
  6. 2025CHURRO: Making History Readable with an Open-Weight Large Vision-Language Model for High-Accuracy, Low-Cost Historical Text Recognition
  7. 2026Evaluating Structured Information Extraction with Open Models in a High Risk Public Sector Application
  8. 2026Improving Access to Historical Archives with Real-time RAG-based Systems ↗