Beyond the model: Key differentiators in large language models and multi-agent services
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks
Abstract (arXiv)
With the launch of foundation models like DeepSeek, Manus AI, and Llama 4, it has become evident that large language models (LLMs) are no longer the sole defining factor in generative AI. As many now operate at comparable levels of capability, the real race is not about having the biggest model but optimizing the surrounding ecosystem, including data quality and management, computational efficiency, latency, and evaluation frameworks. This review article delves into these critical differentiators that ensure modern AI services are efficient and profitable.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 9 of its 22 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 May 2025.
Builds on
9 of 22 references.
References · 9
- 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,084
- 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,160
- 2021On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Modelscited by 3,961
- 2024DeepSeek-V2: A Strong, Economical, and Efficient Mixture-of-Experts Language Modelcited by 1,093
- 2023FrugalGPT: How to Use Large Language Models While Reducing Cost and Improving Performancecited by 791
- 2023A Simple and Effective Pruning Approach for Large Language Modelscited by 776
- 2023Memory Efficient Optimizers with 4-bit Statescited by 54
- 2024GPT Semantic Cache: Reducing LLM Costs and Latency via Semantic Embedding Cachingcited by 21
- 2024Efficient Heterogeneous Large Language Model Decoding with Model-Attention Disaggregationcited by 12
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- 2023The Rise and Potential of Large Language Model Based Agents: A Survey
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- 2025Large Language Model Agent: A Survey on Methodology, Applications and Challenges
- 2024Coalitions of Large Language Models Increase the Robustness of AI Agents
- 2025Survey of Specialized Large Language Model
- 2026LLMOrbit: A Circular Taxonomy of Large Language Models -From Scaling Walls to Agentic AI Systems
- 2023Towards Efficient Generative Large Language Model Serving: A Survey from Algorithms to Systems
- 2024Large Language Model Evaluation Via Multi AI Agents: Preliminary results