mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Towards Safe Synthetic Image Generation On the Web: A Multimodal Robust NSFW Defense and Million Scale Dataset

arXiv 2504.11707 ↗First posted 16 Apr 2025cs.CV cs.AIcited by 6

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Abstract (arXiv)

In the past years, we have witnessed the remarkable success of Text-to-Image (T2I) models and their widespread use on the web. Extensive research in making T2I models produce hyper-realistic images has led to new concerns, such as generating Not-Safe-For-Work (NSFW) web content and polluting the web society. To help prevent misuse of T2I models and create a safer web environment for users features like NSFW filters and post-hoc security checks are used in these models. However, recent work unveiled how these methods can easily fail to prevent misuse. In particular, adversarial attacks on text and image modalities can easily outplay defensive measures. %Exploiting such leads to the growing concern of preventing adversarial attacks on text and image modalities. Moreover, there is currently no robust multimodal NSFW dataset that includes both prompt and image pairs and adversarial examples. This work proposes a million-scale prompt and image dataset generated using open-source diffusion models. Second, we develop a multimodal defense to distinguish safe and NSFW text and images, which is robust against adversarial attacks and directly alleviates current challenges. Our extensive experiments show that our model performs well against existing SOTA NSFW detection methods in terms of accuracy and recall, drastically reducing the Attack Success Rate (ASR) in multimodal adversarial attack scenarios. Code: https://github.com/shahidmuneer/multimodal-nsfw-defense.

Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 7 of its 17 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Apr 2025.

Builds on

7 of 17 references.

References · 7

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
  2. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
  3. 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,608
  4. 2022Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 5,627
  5. 2023MMA-Diffusion: MultiModal Attack on Diffusion Modelscited by 194
  6. 2022Can Machines Help Us Answering Question 16 in Datasheets, and In Turn Reflecting on Inappropriate Content?cited by 155
  7. 2023A Pilot Study of Query-Free Adversarial Attack against Stable Diffusioncited by 76

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 5; 2026: 1.

6 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024AdvI2I: Adversarial Image Attack on Image-to-Image Diffusion models
  2. 2026Disciplined Diffusion: Text-to-Image Diffusion Model against NSFW Generation
  3. 2025TokenProber: Jailbreaking Text-to-image Models via Fine-grained Word Impact Analysis
  4. 2026Safe Image Generation via Reinforcement Learning
  5. 2026DTVI: Dual-Stage Textual and Visual Intervention for Safe Text-to-Image Generation
  6. 2024Multimodal Pragmatic Jailbreak on Text-to-image Models
  7. 2025Beautiful Images, Toxic Words: Understanding and Addressing Offensive Text in Generated Images
  8. 2025SC-Pro: Training-Free Framework for Defending Unsafe Image Synthesis Attack