mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Continuum-Interaction-Driven Intelligence: Human-Aligned Neural Architecture via Crystallized Reasoning and Fluid Generation

arXiv 2504.09301 ↗First posted 12 Apr 2025cs.AIcited by 1

On the map: LLM reasoning → Reasoning benchmarks and evaluation

Abstract (arXiv)

Current AI systems based on probabilistic neural networks, such as large language models (LLMs), have demonstrated remarkable generative capabilities yet face critical challenges including hallucination, unpredictability, and misalignment with human decision-making. These issues fundamentally stem from the over-reliance on randomized (probabilistic) neural networks-oversimplified models of biological neural networks-while neglecting the role of procedural reasoning (chain-of-thought) in trustworthy decision-making. Inspired by the human cognitive duality of fluid intelligence (flexible generation) and crystallized intelligence (structured knowledge), this study proposes a dual-channel intelligent architecture that integrates probabilistic generation (LLMs) with white-box procedural reasoning (chain-of-thought) to construct interpretable, continuously learnable, and human-aligned AI systems. Concretely, this work: (1) redefines chain-of-thought as a programmable crystallized intelligence carrier, enabling dynamic knowledge evolution and decision verification through multi-turn interaction frameworks; (2) introduces a task-driven modular network design that explicitly demarcates the functional boundaries between randomized generation and procedural control to address trustworthiness in vertical-domain applications; (3) demonstrates that multi-turn interaction is a necessary condition for intelligence emergence, with dialogue depth positively correlating with the system's human-alignment degree. This research not only establishes a new paradigm for trustworthy AI deployment but also provides theoretical foundations for next-generation human-AI collaborative systems.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reasoning benchmarks and evaluation, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 12 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Apr 2025.

Builds on

12 of 42 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2022The Unreliability of Explanations in Few-shot Prompting for Textual Reasoning6 May

Other references · 11

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  3. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
  4. 2022Training a Helpful and Harmless Assistant with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedbackcited by 3,634
  5. 2019Right for the Wrong Reasons: Diagnosing Syntactic Heuristics in Natural Language Inferencecited by 864
  6. 2020The Next Decade in AI: Four Steps Towards Robust Artificial Intelligencecited by 194
  7. 2025Advances and Challenges in Foundation Agents: From Brain-Inspired Intelligence to Evolutionary, Collaborative, and Safe Systemscited by 125
  8. 2020Thinking Fast and Slow in AIcited by 67
  9. 2023Cognitive Dissonance: Why Do Language Model Outputs Disagree with Internal Representations of Truthfulness?cited by 62
  10. 2023Models as Agents: Optimizing Multi-Step Predictions of Interactive Local Models in Model-Based Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learningcited by 9
  11. 2024Implicit Probabilistic Reasoning Does Not Reflect Explicit Answers in Large Language Modelscited by 3

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Citing papers per year: 2025: 1.

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  2. 2023Beyond Words: A Mathematical Framework for Interpreting Large Language Models
  3. 2025Cognitive AI framework 2.0: advances in the simulation of human thought
  4. 2022MRKL Systems: A modular, neuro-symbolic architecture that combines large language models, external knowledge sources and discrete reasoning
  5. 2025Thinking Beyond Tokens: From Brain-Inspired Intelligence to Cognitive Foundations for Artificial General Intelligence and its Societal Impact
  6. 2026A Taxonomy of Cognitive Capability Gaps in Generative and Agentic AI
  7. 2025Towards Cognitive Synergy in LLM-Based Multi-Agent Systems: Integrating Theory of Mind and Critical Evaluation
  8. 2025Eliciting Reasoning in Language Models with Cognitive Tools