mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

From Stability to Inconsistency: A Study of Moral Preferences in LLMs

arXiv 2504.06324 ↗First posted 8 Apr 2025cs.CY cs.AIcited by 2

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

As large language models (LLMs) increasingly integrate into our daily lives, it becomes crucial to understand their implicit biases and moral tendencies. To address this, we introduce a Moral Foundations LLM dataset (MFD-LLM) grounded in Moral Foundations Theory, which conceptualizes human morality through six core foundations. We propose a novel evaluation method that captures the full spectrum of LLMs' revealed moral preferences by answering a range of real-world moral dilemmas. Our findings reveal that state-of-the-art models have remarkably homogeneous value preferences, yet demonstrate a lack of consistency.

Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 6 of its 18 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Apr 2025.

Builds on

6 of 18 references.

References · 6

  1. 2023Large Language Modelscited by 774
  2. 2022Improving alignment of dialogue agents via targeted human judgementscited by 527
  3. 2024Benchmark Data Contamination of Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 138
  4. 2024Collective Constitutional AI: Aligning a Language Model with Public Inputcited by 120
  5. 2024A Systematic Survey and Critical Review on Evaluating Large Language Models: Challenges, Limitations, and Recommendationscited by 84
  6. 2023Questioning the Survey Responses of Large Language Modelscited by 70

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 2.

2 papers.

  1. 2026Asymmetric Goal Drift in Coding Agents Under Value Conflictcited by 4
  2. 2026Frame-Conditioned Moral Computation in LLaMA 3.1-8B-Instruct: A Mechanistic Interpretability Audit of Ethical Reasoningcited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Differences in the Moral Foundations of Large Language Models
  2. 2024Whose Morality Do They Speak? Unraveling Cultural Bias in Multilingual Language Models
  3. 2024Decoding Multilingual Moral Preferences: Unveiling LLM's Biases Through the Moral Machine Experiment
  4. 2025The Greatest Good Benchmark: Measuring LLMs' Alignment with Utilitarian Moral Dilemmas
  5. 2024The Moral Mind(s) of Large Language Models
  6. 2024Ethical Reasoning and Moral Value Alignment of LLMs Depend on the Language we Prompt them in
  7. 2025Normative Evaluation of Large Language Models with Everyday Moral Dilemmas
  8. 2024MoralBench: Moral Evaluation of LLMs