mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Adaptive Rectification Sampling for Test-Time Compute Scaling

arXiv 2504.01317 ↗First posted 2 Apr 2025cs.CL cs.AIcited by 3

On the map: LLM reasoning → Test-time compute and efficient thinking

Abstract (arXiv)

The newly released OpenAI-o1 and DeepSeek-R1 have demonstrated that test-time scaling can significantly improve model performance, especially in complex tasks such as logical reasoning. Common test-time scaling methods involve generating more chains of thought (CoTs) or longer CoTs with self-correction. However, while self-correction can improve performance, it may lead to significant token waste and reduce readability of the CoT if the reasoning steps are already correct. To demonstrate that large language models (LLMs) can rectify errors at a more fine-grained level, we propose Adaptive Rectification Sampling (AR-Sampling), which can guide the LLMs to self-correction at the appropriate step. AR-Sampling leverages a process-supervised reward model (PRM) as a verifier and constructed trigger sentences to guide the model in adaptive step-level rethinking. Through the experiments on GSM8K and MATH500, it indicates that our approach enables the models to rethink in more fine-grained level, improving the accuracy of solutions, while generating a reasonable number of additional tokens.

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Test-time compute and efficient thinking, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 28 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 Apr 2025.

Builds on

28 of 42 references.

Closest ancestors · 13

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025CoT-Valve: Length-Compressible Chain-of-Thought Tuning13 Feb
  2. 2025Can 1B LLM Surpass 405B LLM? Rethinking Compute-Optimal Test-Time Scaling10 Feb
  3. 2025Iterative Deepening Sampling as Efficient Test-Time Scaling8 Feb
  4. 2025Think Smarter not Harder: Adaptive Reasoning with Inference Aware Optimization29 Jan
  5. 2025O1-Pruner: Length-Harmonizing Fine-Tuning for O1-Like Reasoning Pruning22 Jan
  6. 2024Do NOT Think That Much for 2+3=? On the Overthinking of o1-Like LLMs30 Dec
  7. 2024Token-Budget-Aware LLM Reasoning24 Dec
  8. 2024Make Every Penny Count: Difficulty-Adaptive Self-Consistency for Cost-Efficient Reasoning24 Aug
  9. 2024Scaling LLM Test-Time Compute Optimally can be More Effective than Scaling Model Parameters6 Aug
  10. 2024Escape Sky-high Cost: Early-stopping Self-Consistency for Multi-step Reasoning19 Jan
  11. 2023Let's Sample Step by Step: Adaptive-Consistency for Efficient Reasoning and Coding with LLMs19 May
  12. 2023CRITIC: Large Language Models Can Self-Correct with Tool-Interactive Critiquing19 May
1 more
  1. 2023Self-Evaluation Guided Beam Search for Reasoning1 May

Other references · 15

  1. 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,715
  2. 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 10,109
  3. 2024DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Modelscited by 9,379
  4. 2025DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learningcited by 6,330
  5. 2022Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 5,708
  6. 2021Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Datasetcited by 5,371
  7. 2024Qwen2.5 Technical Reportcited by 4,942
  8. 2023Code Llama: Open Foundation Models for Codecited by 2,139
  9. 2024OpenAI o1 System Cardcited by 1,244
  10. 2024Qwen2.5-Math Technical Report: Toward Mathematical Expert Model via Self-Improvementcited by 1,090
  11. 2023Teaching Large Language Models to Self-Debugcited by 988
  12. 2023Math-Shepherd: Verify and Reinforce LLMs Step-by-step without Human Annotationscited by 928
3 more
  1. 2022Solving math word problems with process- and outcome-based feedbackcited by 901
  2. 2024RLHF Workflow: From Reward Modeling to Online RLHFcited by 267
  3. 2022Making Large Language Models Better Reasoners with Step-Aware Verifiercited by 233

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 1.

3 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Revisiting the Test-Time Scaling of o1-like Models: Do they Truly Possess Test-Time Scaling Capabilities?
  2. 2026Test-Time Scaling in Reasoning LLMs: Inference Regimes, Evaluation, and Reproducibility
  3. 2025SETS: Leveraging Self-Verification and Self-Correction for Improved Test-Time Scaling
  4. 2025Sample Complexity and Representation Ability of Test-time Scaling Paradigms
  5. 2025Think Twice: Enhancing LLM Reasoning by Scaling Multi-round Test-time Thinking
  6. 2025s1: Simple test-time scaling
  7. 2026Small RL Controller, Large Language Model: RL-Guided Adaptive Sampling for Test-Time Scaling
  8. 2025Recursive Self-Aggregation Unlocks Deep Thinking in Large Language Models