Efficient Motion-Aware Video MLLM
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Abstract (arXiv)
Most current video MLLMs rely on uniform frame sampling and image-level encoders, resulting in inefficient data processing and limited motion awareness. To address these challenges, we introduce EMA, an Efficient Motion-Aware video MLLM that utilizes compressed video structures as inputs. We propose a motion-aware GOP (Group of Pictures) encoder that fuses spatial and motion information within a GOP unit in the compressed video stream, generating compact, informative visual tokens. By integrating fewer but denser RGB frames with more but sparser motion vectors in this native slow-fast input architecture, our approach reduces redundancy and enhances motion representation. Additionally, we introduce MotionBench, a benchmark for evaluating motion understanding across four motion types: linear, curved, rotational, and contact-based. Experimental results show that EMA achieves state-of-the-art performance on both MotionBench and popular video question answering benchmarks, while reducing inference costs. Moreover, EMA demonstrates strong scalability, as evidenced by its competitive performance on long video understanding benchmarks.
Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 33 of its 49 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Mar 2025.
Builds on
33 of 49 references.
References · 33
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
- 2023Sigmoid Loss for Language Image Pre-Trainingcited by 3,048
- 2024Qwen2 Technical Reportcited by 2,076
- 2017The Kinetics Human Action Video Datasetcited by 1,894
- 2023Video-LLaMA: An Instruction-tuned Audio-Visual Language Model for Video Understandingcited by 1,461
- 2023Video-LLaVA: Learning United Visual Representation by Alignment Before Projectioncited by 1,385
- 2024Video-MME: The First-Ever Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark of Multi-modal LLMs in Video Analysiscited by 1,375
- 2017The "something something" video database for learning and evaluating visual common sensecited by 1,092
- 2023MVBench: A Comprehensive Multi-modal Video Understanding Benchmarkcited by 1,086
- 2023Video-ChatGPT: Towards Detailed Video Understanding via Large Vision and Language Modelscited by 1,047
- 2023VideoChat: Chat-Centric Video Understandingcited by 851
- 2023LLaMA-Adapter: Efficient Fine-tuning of Language Models with Zero-init Attentioncited by 776
21 more
- 2024LongVideoBench: A Benchmark for Long-context Interleaved Video-Language Understandingcited by 644
- 2019ActivityNet-QA: A Dataset for Understanding Complex Web Videos via Question Answeringcited by 559
- 2024LLaVA-Video: Video Instruction Tuning With Synthetic Datacited by 550
- 2023LLaMA-VID: An Image is Worth 2 Tokens in Large Language Modelscited by 539
- 2023MovieChat: From Dense Token to Sparse Memory for Long Video Understandingcited by 536
- 2024Long Context Transfer from Language to Visioncited by 502
- 2023VideoComposer: Compositional Video Synthesis with Motion Controllabilitycited by 461
- 2023Chat-UniVi: Unified Visual Representation Empowers Large Language Models with Image and Video Understandingcited by 368
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- 2024PLLaVA : Parameter-free LLaVA Extension from Images to Videos for Video Dense Captioningcited by 320
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- 2022Zero-Shot Video Question Answering via Frozen Bidirectional Language Modelscited by 229
- 2023Unmasked Teacher: Towards Training-Efficient Video Foundation Modelscited by 199
- 2024ST-LLM: Large Language Models Are Effective Temporal Learnerscited by 126
- 2024SlowFast-LLaVA: A Strong Training-Free Baseline for Video Large Language Modelscited by 123
- 2024Video-LaVIT: Unified Video-Language Pre-training with Decoupled Visual-Motional Tokenizationcited by 98
- 2021MM-ViT: Multi-Modal Video Transformer for Compressed Video Action Recognitioncited by 44
- 2021Self-supervised Video Representation Learning by Context and Motion Decouplingcited by 34
- 2023Accurate and Fast Compressed Video Captioningcited by 21
- 2023Efficient Semantic Segmentation by Altering Resolutions for Compressed Videoscited by 8
- 2024Exploring the Design Space of Visual Context Representation in Video MLLMscited by 6
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 12.
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- 2026Which Way Did It Move? Diagnosing and Overcoming Directional Motion Blindness in Video-LLMs21 May 2026
- 2026Shot-Aware Frame Sampling for Video Understanding18 Mar 2026
- 2026U-Mind: A Unified Framework for Real-Time Multimodal Interaction with Audiovisual Generation27 Feb 2026
- 2026ReMoRa: Multimodal Large Language Model based on Refined Motion Representation for Long-Video Understanding18 Feb 2026
- 2026CoPE-VideoLM: Leveraging Codec Primitives For Efficient Video Language Modeling13 Feb 2026
- 2026OneVision-Encoder: Codec-Aligned Sparsity as a Foundational Principle for Multimodal Intelligence9 Feb 2026
- 2026LLaVA-OneVision-2: Towards Next-Generation Perceptual Intelligencecited by 31
- 2026ReMoRa: Multimodal Large Language Model based on Refined Motion Representation for Long-Video Understandingcited by 7
- 2025OutSafe-Bench: A Benchmark for Multimodal Offensive Content Detection in Large Language Modelscited by 2
- 2026Shot-Aware Frame Sampling for Video Understandingcited by 1
- 2026LLaVA-OneVision-2: Towards Next-Generation Perceptual Intelligence25 May 2026
- 2026Shot-Aware Frame Sampling for Video Understanding18 Mar 2026
- 2026ReMoRa: Multimodal Large Language Model based on Refined Motion Representation for Long-Video Understanding18 Feb 2026
- 2025OutSafe-Bench: A Benchmark for Multimodal Offensive Content Detection in Large Language Models13 Nov 2025
- 2026OneVision-Encoder: Codec-Aligned Sparsity as a Foundational Principle for Multimodal Intelligencecited by 10
- 2026CoPE-VideoLM: Leveraging Codec Primitives For Efficient Video Language Modelingcited by 8
- 2026AdaCodec: A Predictive Visual Code for Video MLLMscited by 6
- 2026U-Mind: A Unified Framework for Real-Time Multimodal Interaction with Audiovisual Generationcited by 2
- 2026Which Way Did It Move? Diagnosing and Overcoming Directional Motion Blindness in Video-LLMscited by 2
- 2026GOPAgen: Codec-Aware Agentic Long-Video Understanding with Structured Memorycited by 0
- 2026MVTrack: Ultrafast Appearance-Free Moving Object Tracking from Compressed Bitstreamscited by 0
- 2026RESUME: Recurrent State Updates from Motion and Residual Signals for Efficient Video Language Modelingcited by 0
- 2026RESUME: Recurrent State Updates from Motion and Residual Signals for Efficient Video Language Modeling30 Sep 2026
- 2026MVTrack: Ultrafast Appearance-Free Moving Object Tracking from Compressed Bitstreams11 Aug 2026
- 2026GOPAgen: Codec-Aware Agentic Long-Video Understanding with Structured Memory3 Jun 2026
- 2026AdaCodec: A Predictive Visual Code for Video MLLMs1 Jun 2026
- 2026Which Way Did It Move? Diagnosing and Overcoming Directional Motion Blindness in Video-LLMs21 May 2026
- 2026U-Mind: A Unified Framework for Real-Time Multimodal Interaction with Audiovisual Generation27 Feb 2026
- 2026CoPE-VideoLM: Leveraging Codec Primitives For Efficient Video Language Modeling13 Feb 2026
- 2026OneVision-Encoder: Codec-Aligned Sparsity as a Foundational Principle for Multimodal Intelligence9 Feb 2026
Similar, not cited
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- 2025MotionBench: Benchmarking and Improving Fine-grained Video Motion Understanding for Vision Language Models
- 2025FAVOR-Bench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Fine-Grained Video Motion Understanding
- 2025MotionRAG: Motion Retrieval-Augmented Image-to-Video Generation
- 2026HY-Himmel Technical Report: Hierarchical Interleaved Multi-stream Motion Encoding for Long Video Understanding
- 2026MotionEnhancer: Leveraging Video Diffusion for Motion-Enhanced Vision-Language Models
- 2026Learning Compact Video Representations for Efficient Long-form Video Understanding in Large Multimodal Models
- 2025MotionSight: Boosting Fine-Grained Motion Understanding in Multimodal LLMs
- 2026MotionAdapter: Video Motion Transfer via Content-Aware Attention Customization