DAPI: Domain Adaptive Toxicity Probe Vector Intervention for Fine-Grained Detoxification
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Abstract (arXiv)
There have been attempts to utilize linear probe for detoxification, with existing studies relying on a single toxicity probe vector to reduce toxicity. However, toxicity can be fine-grained into various subcategories, making it difficult to remove certain types of toxicity by using a single toxicity probe vector. To address this limitation, we propose a category-specific toxicity probe vector approach. First, we train multiple toxicity probe vectors for different toxicity categories. During generation, we dynamically select the most relevant toxicity probe vector based on the current context. Finally, the selected vector is dynamically scaled and subtracted from model. Our method successfully mitigated toxicity from categories that the single probe vector approach failed to detoxify. Experiments demonstrate that our approach achieves up to a 78.52% reduction in toxicity on the evaluation dataset, while fluency remains nearly unchanged, with only a 0.052% drop compared to the unsteered model.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 23 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Mar 2025.
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14 of 23 references.
References · 14
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.
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- 2026MolDeTox: Evaluating Language Model's Stepwise Fragment Editing for Molecular Detoxification
- 2025Probe-based Fine-tuning for Reducing Toxicity
- 2024How Does DPO Reduce Toxicity? A Mechanistic Neuron-Level Analysis
- 2025MDIT-Bench: Evaluating the Dual-Implicit Toxicity in Large Multimodal Models
- 2025CoTox: Chain-of-Thought-Based Molecular Toxicity Reasoning and Prediction
- 2026ToxReason: A Benchmark for Mechanistic Chemical Toxicity Reasoning via Adverse Outcome Pathway
- 2025Breaking Bad Molecules: Are MLLMs Ready for Structure-Level Molecular Detoxification?
- 2025Towards Inclusive Toxic Content Moderation: Addressing Vulnerabilities to Adversarial Attacks in Toxicity Classifiers Tackling LLM-generated Content