LLMVoX: Autoregressive Streaming Text-to-Speech Model for Any LLM
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Recent advancements in speech-to-speech dialogue systems leverage LLMs for multimodal interactions, yet they remain hindered by fine-tuning requirements, high computational overhead, and text-speech misalignment. Existing speech-enabled LLMs often degrade conversational quality by modifying the LLM, thereby compromising its linguistic capabilities. In contrast, we propose LLMVoX, a lightweight 30M-parameter, LLM-agnostic, autoregressive streaming TTS system that generates high-quality speech with low latency, while fully preserving the capabilities of the base LLM. Our approach achieves a significantly lower Word Error Rate compared to speech-enabled LLMs, while operating at comparable latency and UTMOS score. By decoupling speech synthesis from LLM processing via a multi-queue token streaming system, LLMVoX supports seamless, infinite-length dialogues. Its plug-and-play design also facilitates extension to various tasks with different backbones. Furthermore, LLMVoX generalizes to new languages with only dataset adaptation, attaining a low Character Error Rate on an Arabic speech task. Additionally, we have integrated LLMVoX with a Vision-Language Model to create an omni-model with speech, text, and vision capabilities, without requiring additional multimodal training. Our code base and project page is available at https://mbzuai-oryx.github.io/LLMVoX .
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). Builds on 35 of its 51 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 6 Mar 2025.
Builds on
35 of 51 references.
References · 35
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,106
- 2024The Llama 3 Herd of Modelscited by 14,486
- 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,492
- 2022Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak Supervisioncited by 4,004
- 2022FlashAttention: Fast and Memory-Efficient Exact Attention with IO-Awarenesscited by 3,637
- 2017TriviaQA: A Large Scale Distantly Supervised Challenge Dataset for Reading Comprehensioncited by 2,925
- 2023MMBench: Is Your Multi-modal Model an All-around Player?cited by 2,118
- 2017Decoupled Weight Decay Regularizationcited by 1,788
- 2024MiniCPM-V: A GPT-4V Level MLLM on Your Phonecited by 1,070
- 2023Neural Codec Language Models are Zero-Shot Text to Speech Synthesizerscited by 745
- 2020FastSpeech 2: Fast and High-Quality End-to-End Text to Speechcited by 715
- 2024Moshi: a speech-text foundation model for real-time dialoguecited by 550
23 more
- 2023SpeechGPT: Empowering Large Language Models with Intrinsic Cross-Modal Conversational Abilitiescited by 523
- 2021ByT5: Towards a token-free future with pre-trained byte-to-byte modelscited by 507
- 2017Tacotron: Towards End-to-End Speech Synthesiscited by 489
- 2023AudioPaLM: A Large Language Model That Can Speak and Listencited by 335
- 2024CosyVoice: A Scalable Multilingual Zero-shot Text-to-speech Synthesizer based on Supervised Semantic Tokenscited by 328
- 2024GLM-4-Voice: Towards Intelligent and Human-Like End-to-End Spoken Chatbotcited by 220
- 2024AnyGPT: Unified Multimodal LLM with Discrete Sequence Modelingcited by 216
- 2024Mini-Omni: Language Models Can Hear, Talk While Thinking in Streamingcited by 207
- 2024VoiceBench: Benchmarking LLM-Based Voice Assistantscited by 192
- 2023Seamless: Multilingual Expressive and Streaming Speech Translationcited by 190
- 2024XTTS: a Massively Multilingual Zero-Shot Text-to-Speech Modelcited by 175
- 2024VITA: Towards Open-Source Interactive Omni Multimodal LLMcited by 172
- 2020FastPitch: Parallel Text-to-speech with Pitch Predictioncited by 151
- 2024Freeze-Omni: A Smart and Low Latency Speech-to-speech Dialogue Model with Frozen LLMcited by 137
- 2024WavTokenizer: an Efficient Acoustic Discrete Codec Tokenizer for Audio Language Modelingcited by 126
- 2023LauraGPT: Listen, Attend, Understand, and Regenerate Audio with GPTcited by 77
- 2024Natural language guidance of high-fidelity text-to-speech with synthetic annotationscited by 67
- 2022ByT5 model for massively multilingual grapheme-to-phoneme conversioncited by 49
- 2024EMOVA: Empowering Language Models to See, Hear and Speak with Vivid Emotionscited by 44
- 2021Parallel Tacotron 2: A Non-Autoregressive Neural TTS Model with Differentiable Duration Modelingcited by 31
- 2023XPhoneBERT: A Pre-trained Multilingual Model for Phoneme Representations for Text-to-Speechcited by 16
- 2023ArTST: Arabic Text and Speech Transformercited by 14
- 2024Ichigo: Mixed-Modal Early-Fusion Realtime Voice Assistantcited by 6
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 3.
7 papers.
- 2025PredGen: Accelerated Inference of Large Language Models through Input-Time Speculation for Real-Time Speech Interactioncited by 7
- 2026CTC-TTS: LLM-based dual-streaming text-to-speech with CTC alignmentcited by 3
- 2026From Static Inference to Dynamic Interaction: A Survey of Streaming Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2026VoXtream2: Full-stream TTS with dynamic speaking rate controlcited by 3
- 2025Shallow Flow Matching for Coarse-to-Fine Text-to-Speech Synthesiscited by 2
- 2025Towards Sampling Data Structures for Tensor Products in Turnstile Streamscited by 1
- 2025Adaptive Edge-Cloud Inference for Speech-to-Action Systems Using ASR and Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026VoXtream2: Full-stream TTS with dynamic speaking rate control13 Mar 2026
- 2026From Static Inference to Dynamic Interaction: A Survey of Streaming Large Language Models4 Mar 2026
- 2026CTC-TTS: LLM-based dual-streaming text-to-speech with CTC alignment23 Feb 2026
- 2025Adaptive Edge-Cloud Inference for Speech-to-Action Systems Using ASR and Large Language Models14 Dec 2025
- 2025Towards Sampling Data Structures for Tensor Products in Turnstile Streams4 Oct 2025
- 2025PredGen: Accelerated Inference of Large Language Models through Input-Time Speculation for Real-Time Speech Interaction18 Jun 2025
- 2025Shallow Flow Matching for Coarse-to-Fine Text-to-Speech Synthesis18 May 2025
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2024CosyVoice 2: Scalable Streaming Speech Synthesis with Large Language Models
- 2026GEPARD - Generative, Prosody-aware, Autoregressive text-to-speech model for Realtime Dialogue
- 2023Speak While You Think: Streaming Speech Synthesis During Text Generation
- 2026FlashTTS: Fast Streaming TTS with MTP Acceleration and X-pred Mean Flow Distillation
- 2026LLM-to-Speech: A Synthetic Data Pipeline for Training Dialectal Text-to-Speech Models
- 2024Get Large Language Models Ready to Speak: A Late-fusion Approach for Speech Generation
- 2025TESU-LLM: Training Speech-LLMs Without Speech via Unified Encoder Alignment
- 2026VoiceChat-TTS: A Low-Latency Continuous Speech Synthesis Model for Interactive Agents