mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Unified Mind Model: Reimagining Autonomous Agents in the LLM Era

arXiv 2503.03459 ↗First posted 5 Mar 2025cs.AI cs.CLcited by 5

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks

Abstract (arXiv)

Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable capabilities across domains, tasks, and languages (e.g., ChatGPT and GPT-4), reviving the research of general autonomous agents with human-like cognitive abilities. Such human-level agents require semantic comprehension and instruction-following capabilities, which exactly fall into the strengths of LLMs. Although there have been several initial attempts to build human-level agents based on LLMs, the theoretical foundation remains a challenging open problem. In this paper, we propose a novel theoretical cognitive architecture, the Unified Mind Model (UMM), which offers guidance to facilitate the rapid creation of autonomous agents with human-level cognitive abilities. Specifically, our UMM starts with the global workspace theory and further leverage LLMs to enable the agent with various cognitive abilities, such as multi-modal perception, planning, reasoning, tool use, learning, memory, reflection and motivation. Building upon UMM, we then develop an agent-building engine, MindOS, which allows users to quickly create domain-/task-specific autonomous agents without any programming effort.

Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 27 of its 69 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 Mar 2025.

Builds on

27 of 69 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023Describe, Explain, Plan and Select: Interactive Planning with Large Language Models Enables Open-World Multi-Task Agents3 Feb

Other references · 26

  1. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
  2. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,302
  3. 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,355
  4. 2022Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot Learningcited by 4,337
  5. 2022Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasonerscited by 4,323
  6. 2023Toolformer: Language Models Can Teach Themselves to Use Toolscited by 4,072
  7. 2023Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behaviorcited by 3,500
  8. 2023Self-Refine: Iterative Refinement with Self-Feedbackcited by 3,317
  9. 2023Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4cited by 2,579
  10. 2023Voyager: An Open-Ended Embodied Agent with Large Language Modelscited by 2,081
  11. 2023HuggingGPT: Solving AI Tasks with ChatGPT and its Friends in Hugging Facecited by 1,173
  12. 2022Language Models as Zero-Shot Planners: Extracting Actionable Knowledge for Embodied Agentscited by 1,029
14 more
  1. 2023Teaching Large Language Models to Self-Debugcited by 963
  2. 2022Automatic Chain of Thought Prompting in Large Language Modelscited by 684
  3. 2023Visual ChatGPT: Talking, Drawing and Editing with Visual Foundation Modelscited by 659
  4. 2014Neural Turing Machinescited by 630
  5. 2022LLM-Planner: Few-Shot Grounded Planning for Embodied Agents with Large Language Modelscited by 459
  6. 2022RLPrompt: Optimizing Discrete Text Prompts with Reinforcement Learningcited by 361
  7. 2023Tool Learning with Foundation Modelscited by 302
  8. 2023ChatGPT for Robotics: Design Principles and Model Abilitiescited by 296
  9. 2022Reasoning with Language Model Prompting: A Surveycited by 251
  10. 2016Key-Value Memory Networks for Directly Reading Documentscited by 223
  11. 2023Large Language Model Guided Tree-of-Thoughtcited by 218
  12. 2023TaskMatrix.AI: Completing Tasks by Connecting Foundation Models with Millions of APIscited by 184
  13. 2023Translating Natural Language to Planning Goals with Large-Language Modelscited by 132
  14. 2023Synthetic Prompting: Generating Chain-of-Thought Demonstrations for Large Language Modelscited by 61

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 1.

5 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025From Language to Action: A Review of Large Language Models as Autonomous Agents and Tool Users
  2. 2023The Rise and Potential of Large Language Model Based Agents: A Survey
  3. 2025Fundamentals of Building Autonomous LLM Agents
  4. 2023A Survey on Large Language Model based Autonomous Agents
  5. 2024Hypothetical Minds: Scaffolding Theory of Mind for Multi-Agent Tasks with Large Language Models
  6. 2026From Language to Action: Can LLM-Based Agents Be Used for Embodied Robot Cognition?
  7. 2025LLM-Based Human-Agent Collaboration and Interaction Systems: A Survey
  8. 2025Multi-Agent Language Models: Advancing Cooperation, Coordination, and Adaptation