Unified Mind Model: Reimagining Autonomous Agents in the LLM Era
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks
Abstract (arXiv)
Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable capabilities across domains, tasks, and languages (e.g., ChatGPT and GPT-4), reviving the research of general autonomous agents with human-like cognitive abilities. Such human-level agents require semantic comprehension and instruction-following capabilities, which exactly fall into the strengths of LLMs. Although there have been several initial attempts to build human-level agents based on LLMs, the theoretical foundation remains a challenging open problem. In this paper, we propose a novel theoretical cognitive architecture, the Unified Mind Model (UMM), which offers guidance to facilitate the rapid creation of autonomous agents with human-level cognitive abilities. Specifically, our UMM starts with the global workspace theory and further leverage LLMs to enable the agent with various cognitive abilities, such as multi-modal perception, planning, reasoning, tool use, learning, memory, reflection and motivation. Building upon UMM, we then develop an agent-building engine, MindOS, which allows users to quickly create domain-/task-specific autonomous agents without any programming effort.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 27 of its 69 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 Mar 2025.
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27 of 69 references.
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Other references · 26
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- 2022Language Models as Zero-Shot Planners: Extracting Actionable Knowledge for Embodied Agentscited by 1,029
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- 2014Neural Turing Machinescited by 630
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- 2022RLPrompt: Optimizing Discrete Text Prompts with Reinforcement Learningcited by 361
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- 2023ChatGPT for Robotics: Design Principles and Model Abilitiescited by 296
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- 2016Key-Value Memory Networks for Directly Reading Documentscited by 223
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- 2023TaskMatrix.AI: Completing Tasks by Connecting Foundation Models with Millions of APIscited by 184
- 2023Translating Natural Language to Planning Goals with Large-Language Modelscited by 132
- 2023Synthetic Prompting: Generating Chain-of-Thought Demonstrations for Large Language Modelscited by 61
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 4; 2026: 1.
5 papers.
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- 2026LLMs Can't Play Hangman: On the Necessity of a Private Working Memory for Language Agentscited by 4
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- 2026LLMs Can't Play Hangman: On the Necessity of a Private Working Memory for Language Agents11 Jan 2026
- 2025Agentic Persona Control and Task State Tracking for Realistic User Simulation in Interactive Scenarios30 Nov 2025
- 2025Agent KB: Leveraging Cross-Domain Experience for Agentic Problem Solving8 Jul 2025
- 2025A Call for Collaborative Intelligence: Why Human-Agent Systems Should Precede AI Autonomy11 Jun 2025
- 2025Advances and Challenges in Foundation Agents: From Brain-Inspired Intelligence to Evolutionary, Collaborative, and Safe Systems31 Mar 2025
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